Ekman P. An argument for basic emotions. Cogn Emot. 1992;6(3–4):169–200.
Article
Google Scholar
Feldman Barrett L. The theory of constructed emotion: an active inference account of interoception and categorization. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2017;12(1):1–23. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsw154.
Article
Google Scholar
Barrett LF. How emotions are made: the secret life of the brain. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt; 2017.
Google Scholar
Kuppens P, Tuerlinckx F, Russell JA, Barrett LF. The relation between valence and arousal in subjective experience. Psychol Bull. 2013;139(4):917–40.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Russell JA. A circumplex model of affect. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1980;39(6):1161–78.
Article
Google Scholar
Russell JA. Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion. Psychol Rev. 2003;110:145.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Petrolini V, Viola M. Core affect dynamics: arousal as a modulator of valence. Rev Philos Psychol. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-020-00474-w.
Article
Google Scholar
Mattek AM, Wolford GL, Whalen PJ. A Mathematical model captures the structure of subjective affect. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2017;12(3):508–26.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rubin DC, Talarico JM. A comparison of dimensional models of emotion: evidence from emotions, prototypical events, autobiographical memories, and words. Memory. 2009;17(8):802–8.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lang PJ, Bradley MM, Cuthbert BN. Emotion and motivation: measuring affective perception. J Clin Neurophysiol. 1998;15(5):397–408.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kuppens P, Tuerlinckx F, Yik M, Koval P, Coosemans J, Zeng KJ, et al. The relation between valence and arousal in subjective experience varies with personality and culture. J Pers. 2017;85(4):530–42.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brainerd CJ. The emotional-ambiguity hypothesis: a large-scale test. Psychol Sci. 2018;29(10):1706–15.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mather M, Carstensen LL. Aging and motivated cognition: the positivity effect in attention and memory. Trends Cogn Sci. 2005;9(10):496–502.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mather M. The affective neuroscience of aging. Annu Rev Psychol. 2016;67(1):213–38.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reed AE, Carstensen LL. The theory behind the age-related positivity effect. Front Psychol. 2012;3:339.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Reed AE, Chan L, Mikels JA. Meta-analysis of the age-related positivity effect: age differences in preferences for positive over negative information. Psychol Aging. 2014;29(1):1–15.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Charles ST, Mather M, Carstensen LL. Aging and emotional memory: the forgettable nature of negative images for older adults. J Exp Psychol Gen. 2003;132(2):310–24.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Knight BG, Maines ML, Robinson GS. The effects of sad mood on memory in older adults: a test of the mood congruence effect. Psychol Aging. 2002;17(4):653–61.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Donges U-S, Kersting A, Suslow T. Women’s greater ability to perceive happy facial emotion automatically: gender differences in affective priming. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(7):e41745.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Grossman M, Wood W. Sex differences in intensity of emotional experience: a social role interpretation. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1993;65(5):1010–22.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bradley MM, Codispoti M, Sabatinelli D, Lang PJ. Emotion and motivation II: sex differences in picture processing. Emotion. 2001;1(3):300–19.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schirmer A, Kotz SA, Friederici AD. On the role of attention for the processing of emotions in speech: sex differences revisited. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2005;24(3):442–52.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Grühn D, Smith J. Characteristics for 200 words rated by young and older adults: age-dependent evaluations of German adjectives (AGE). Behav Res Methods. 2008;40(4):1088–97.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gilet AL, Grühn D, Studer J, Labouvie-Vief G. Valence, arousal, and imagery ratings for 835 French attributes by young, middle-aged, and older adults: the French Emotional Evaluation List (FEEL). Rev Eur Psychol Appl. 2012;62(3):173–81.
Article
Google Scholar
Keil A, Freund AM. Changes in the sensitivity to appetitive and aversive arousal across adulthood. Psychol Aging. 2009;24(3):668–80.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Söderholm C, Häyry E, Laine M, Karrasch M. Valence and arousal ratings for 420 finnish nouns by age and gender. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(8):e72859.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Grunwald IS, Borod JC, Obler LK, Erhan HM, Pick LH, Welkowitz J, et al. The effects of age and gender on the perception of lexical emotion. Appl Neuropsychol. 1999;6(4):226–38.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Soares AP, Comesaña M, Pinheiro AP, Simões A, Frade CS. The adaptation of the Affective Norms for English Words (ANEW) for European Portuguese. Behav Res Methods. 2012;44(1):256–69.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bellezza FS, Greenwald AG, Banaji MR. Words high and low in pleasantness as rated by male and female college students. Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput. 1986;18(3):299–303.
Article
Google Scholar
Laeger I, Dobel C, Dannlowski U, Kugel H, Grotegerd D, Kissler J, et al. Amygdala responsiveness to emotional words is modulated by subclinical anxiety and depression. Behav Brain Res. 2012;233(2):508–16.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bishop S, Duncan J, Lawrence A. State anxiety modulation of the amygdala response to unattended threat-related stimuli. J Neurosci. 2004;24:10364–8.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Etkin A, Klemenhagen K, Dudman J, Rogan M, Hen R. Individual differences in trait anxiety predict the response of the basolateral amygdala to unconsciously processed fearful faces. Neuron. 2004;44:1043–55.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Frühholz S, Prinz M, Herrmann M. Affect-related personality traits and contextual interference processing during perception of facial affect. Neurosci Lett. 2010;469:260–4.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Most S, Chun M, Johnson M, Kiehl K. Attentional modulation of the amygdala varies with personality. Neuroimage. 2006;31:934–44.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Tabert M, Borod J, Tang C, Lange G, Wei T. Differential amygdala activation during emotional decision and recognition memory tasks using unpleasant words: an fMRI study. Neuropsychologia. 2001;39:556–73.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sander D, Grandjean D, Pourtois G, Schwartz S, Seghier M. Emotion and attention interactions in social cognition: brain regions involved in processing anger prosody. Neuroimage. 2005;28:848–58.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Van Tol MJ, Demenescu LR, Van Der Wee NJA, Kortekaas R, Marjan MAN, Boer JAD, et al. Functional magnetic resonance imaging correlates of emotional word encoding and recognition in depression and anxiety disorders. Biol Psychiatr. 2012;71(7):593–602.
Article
Google Scholar
Van Tol M-J, Veer IM, Van Der Wee JA, Aleman A, Van Buchem MA, Rombouts SARB, et al. Whole-brain functional connectivity during emotional word classification in medication-free Major Depressive Disorder: abnormal salience circuitry and relations to positive emotionality. NeuroImage Clin. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2013.05.012.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hamilton NA, Pressman M, Lillis T, Atchley R, Karlson C, Stevens N. Evaluating evidence for the role of sleep in fibromyalgia: a test of the sleep and pain diathesis model. Cognit Ther Res. 2011;36(6):806–14.
Article
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Atchley RA, Stringer R, Mathias E, Ilardi SS, Diane MA. The right hemisphere’s contribution to emotional word processing in currently depressed, remitted depressed, and never-depressed individuals. J Neuroling. 2007;20(2):145–60.
Article
Google Scholar
Atchley RA, Ilardi SS, Enloe A. Hemispheric asymmetry in the processing of emotional content in word meanings: the effect of current and past depression. Brain Lang. 2003;84(1):105–19.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Joormann J, D’Avanzato C. Emotion regulation in depression: examining the role of cognitive processes. Cogn Emot. 2010;24(6):913–39.
Article
Google Scholar
den Hollander-Gijsman M, de Beurs E, van der Wee N, van Rood Y, Zitman F. Distinguishing between depression and anxiety: a proposal for an extension of the tripartite model. Eur Psychiatr. 2010;25:197–205.
Article
Google Scholar
Lang PJ, Bradley MM, Cuthbert BN, Greenwald M, Dhman A, Vaid D, et al. International Affective Picture System (IAPS): technical manual and affective ratings. International Affective Picture System (IAPS). 1997.
Britton JC, Taylor SF, Sudheimer KD, Liberzon I. Facial expressions and complex IAPS pictures: common and differential networks. Neuroimage. 2006;31(2):906–19.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kissler J, Herbert C, Peyk P, Junghofer M. Buzzwords: early cortical responses to emotional words during reading. Psychol Sci. 2007;18(6):475–80.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Herbert C, Ethofer T, Anders S, Junghofer M, Wildgruber D, Grodd W, et al. Amygdala activation during reading of emotional adjectives—an advantage for pleasant content. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2009;4(1):35–49.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pavlenko A. Bilingualism and emotions. Multilingua. 2002;21(1):45–78.
Article
Google Scholar
Pavlenko A. Do you wish to waive your rights? Affect and decision-making in multilingual speakers. Curr Opin Psychol. 2017;17:74–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bradley MM, Lang PJ. Affective Norms for English Words (ANEW): Instruction Manual and Affective Ratings. 1999.
Redondo J, Fraga I, Padrón I, Comesaña M. The Spanish adaptation of anew (Affective Norms for English Words). Behav Res Methods. 2007;39(3):600–5.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Montefinese M, Ambrosini E, Fairfield B, Mammarella N. The adaptation of the Affective Norms for English Words (ANEW) for Italian. Behav Res Methods. 2014;46(3):887–903.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Monnier C, Syssau A. Affective norms for French words (FAN). Behav Res Methods. 2014;46(4):1128–37.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kanske P, Kotz SA. Leipzig affective norms for German: a reliability study. Behav Res Methods. 2010;42(4):987–91.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Võ MLH, Conrad M, Kuchinke L, Urton K, Hofmann MJ, Jacobs AM. The berlin affective word list reloaded (BAWL-R). Behav Res Methods. 2009;41(2):534–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schmidtke DS, Schröder T, Jacobs AM, Conrad M. ANGST: affective norms for German sentiment terms, derived from the affective norms for English words. Behav Res Methods. 2014;46(4):1108–18.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bradley MM, Lang PJ. Measuring emotion: the self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatr. 1994;25(1):49–59.
Article
Google Scholar
Britz S, Gauggel S, Mainz V. The Aachen list of trait words. J Psycholing Res. 2019;48(5):1111–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-019-09649-8.
Article
Google Scholar
Grandy TH, Lindenberger U, Schmiedek F. Vampires and nurses are rated differently by younger and older adults—age-comparative norms of imageability and emotionality for about 2500 German nouns. Behav Res Methods. 2020;52(3):980–9.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
PsyArXiv Preprints|The generalizability crisis [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jul 6]. https://psyarxiv.com/jqw35.
Teismann H, Wersching H, Nagel M, Arolt V, Heindel W, Baune BT, et al. Establishing the bidirectional relationship between depression and subclinical arteriosclerosis-rationale, design, and characteristics of the BiDirect Study. BMC Psychiatr. 2014;14(1):1–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Wersching H, Berger K. New cohorts. The BiDirect study. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2012;55(6–7):822–3.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baayen R, Piepenbrock R, Gulikers L. CELEX2 LDC96L14. Web download. Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium; 1995.
Ackenheil M, Stotz-Ingenlath G. MINI Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, German Version 5.0.0 DSM IV. Psychiatr Univ München, Ger [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2014 Mar 4]. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:Mini+international+neuropsychiatric+interview+(German+version+5.0.0,+DSM-IV)#1.
Lindemann R, Merenda P, Gold R. Introduction to bivariate and multivariate analysis. Glenview: Scott Foresman; 1980.
Google Scholar
Kruskall W. Relative importance by averaging over orderings. Am Stat. 1987a;41:6–10.
Google Scholar
Kruskall W. Correction to “Relative importance by averaging over orderings.” Am Stat. 1987b;41:341.
Google Scholar
Groemping U. Relative importance for linear regression in R: the package relaimpo. J Stat Softw. 2006;17(1):1–27.
Article
Google Scholar
Kanske P, Kotz SA. LANG_database.txt [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2020 Sep 4]. https://link.springer.com/article/https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.42.4.987.
Kissler J, Assadollahi R, Herbert C. Emotional and semantic networks in visual word processing: insights from ERP studies. Prog Brain Res. 2006;156:147–83.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Teismann H, Radenz B, Kissler J, Berger K. Emotional word processing in cardiovascular disease, depression, and depression subtypes. In: Baune BT, Tully PJ, editors. Cardiovascular diseases and depression. Berlin: Springer; 2016. p. 257–78.
Google Scholar
DeSteno D, Gross JJ, Kubzansky L. Affective science and health: the importance of emotion and emotion regulation. Health Psychol. 2013;32(5):474–86.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cohen S, Tyrrell DA, Smith AP. Negative life events, perceived stress, negative affect, and susceptibility to the common cold. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1993;64(1):131–40.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kubzansky LD, Sparrow D, Jackson B, Cohen S, Weiss ST, Wright RJ. Angry breathing: a prospective study of hostility and lung function in the Normative Aging Study. Thorax. 2006;61(10):863–8.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mezuk B, Eaton WW, Albrecht S, Golden SH. Depression and type 2 diabetes over the lifespan: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(12):2383–90.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Karakus MC, Patton LC. Depression and the onset of chronic illness in older adults: a 12-year prospective study. J Behav Health Serv Res. 2011;38(3):373–82.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kroenke CH, Bennett GG, Fuchs C, Giovannucci E, Kawachi I, Schernhammer E, et al. Depressive symptoms and prospective incidence of colorectal cancer in women. Am J Epidemiol. 2005;162(9):839–48.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Roest AM, Martens EJ, de Jonge P, Denollet J. Anxiety and risk of incident coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56(1):38–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.03.034.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cohen S, Pressman SD. Positive affect and health. Curr Dir Psychol Sci. 2006;15(3):122–5.
Article
Google Scholar
Boehm JK, Kubzansky LD. The heart’s content: the association between positive psychological well-being and cardiovascular health. Psychol Bull. 2012;138(4):655–91.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Carstensen LL, Mayr U, Pasupathi M, Nesselroade JR. Emotional experience in everyday life across the adult life span. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2000;79(4):644–55.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mroczek DK, Kolarz CM. The effect of age on positive and negative affect: a developmental perspective on happiness. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998;75(5):1333–49.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Diener E, Sandvik E, Larsen RJ. Age and sex effects for emotional intensity. Dev Psychol. 1985;21(3):542–6.
Article
Google Scholar
Myers DG, Diener E. Who is happy? Psychol Sci. 1995;6(1):10–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Bradley MM, Codispoti M, Cuthbert BN, Lang PJ. Emotion and motivation I: defensive and appetitive reactions in picture processing. Emotion. 2001;1(3):276–98.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Thomsen DK, Mehlsen MY, Viidik A, Sommerlund B, Zachariae R. Age and gender differences in negative affect: is there a role for emotion regulation? Pers Individ Diff. 2005;38(8):1935–46.
Article
Google Scholar
Stevens JS, Hamann S. Sex differences in brain activation to emotional stimuli: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. Neuropsychologia. 2012;50(7):1578–93.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Charles ST, Reynolds CA, Gatz M. Age-related differences and change in positive and negative affect over 23 years. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2001;80(1):136–51.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kanske P, Kotz SA. Auditory affective norms for German: testing the influence of depression and anxiety on valence and arousal ratings. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(1):e30086.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sartorius N, Ustün TB, Lecrubier Y, Wittchen HU. Depression comorbid with anxiety: results from the WHO study on psychological disorders in primary health care. Br J Psychiatr Suppl. 1996;168(30):38–43.
Article
Google Scholar
Schindler S, Wegrzyn M, Steppacher I, Kissler J. Perceived communicative context and emotional content amplify visual word processing in the fusiform gyrus. J Neurosci. 2015;35(15):6010–9.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Herbert C, Pauli P, Herbert BM. Self-reference modulates the processing of emotional stimuli in the absence of explicit self-referential appraisal instructions. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2011;6(5):653–61. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsq082.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kazanas SA, Altarriba J. The automatic activation of emotion and emotion-laden words: evidence from a masked and unmasked priming paradigm. Am J Psychol. 2015;128(3):323–36.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pavlenko A. Emotion and emotion-laden words in the bilingual lexicon. Biling Lang Cogn. 2008;11(2):147–64.
Article
Google Scholar
Williams JMG, Mathews A, MacLeod C. The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology. Psychol Bull. 1996;120(1):3–24.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar