Table 1 General characteristics of studies that were performed by CBT (N = 19)
From: Interventions promoting mental health dimensions in infertile women: a systematic review
Authors, year [Reference] | Type of intervention | Intervention protocol | Outcome | Results | Conclusion | Quality assessment EPHPP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neisi et al., 2012 [23] | Cognitive-behavioral-religious | 8 sessions training with homework | Mental health | F = 7.18, Eta = 0.52, P = 0.001 | Cognitive-behavioral religious group intervention was effective in increasing mental health (P < 0.001). | Moderate |
Gharaei. V et al., 2003 [4] | Cognitive behavioral training | Individual and face-to-face training for 15–20 days | Anxiety | State anxiety Pre, while, post Mean(SD) = 48.6(13.5), 35.6(10.6), 39.8(9.5), pre-while studying p = 0.002, pre-post p = 0.001 Trait anxiety Pre, while, post Mean(SD) = 47.0(10.1), 38.6(8.4), 41.7(7.9), pre-while studying p = 0.000, pre-post p = 0.000, while, post studying p = 0.006 | Cognitive behavioral training was effective in reducing anxiety. | Moderate |
Oraki et al., 2015 [24] | Cognitive behavioral intervention for anger management | 10 sessions of 90 min | Mental health | Pre, post Mean(SD) = 46.84(4.71), 33.53(4.91), F = 29.57, P = 0.001 | Training of anger control upon cognitive- behavioral approach caused to increase the mental health in the experimental group. | Moderate |
Ashrafian et al., 2019 [25] | Integrative Positive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy | 10 sessions of 90 min | Infertility stress and hope | Infertility stress pre, post Mean(SD) = 140.13(2.100), 127.27(4.41), F, p = 77.21, 0.001 Hope pre, post Mean(SD) = 27.47(5.139), 32.20 (5.14), F, p = 77.21, 0.006 | Intervention was effective in reducing infertility stress and increasing the hope of infertile women (P < 0.001). | Strong |
Kraaij et al., 2015 [26] | cognitive behavioral Self-Help Program (CBS) | 4 days a week ,1 h per day for a period of 4 weeks | Depression | Baseline-first posttest F, Eta = 15.53, 0.28, P = 0.00 Baseline-second posttest F, Eta = 9.32, 0.20, P = 0.00 | CBS was effective in improving the depression score and its positive effect remained in the follow-up period. | Strong |
Manochehri et al.,2005 [27] | Cognitive-emotional-behavioral group counseling | 10 sessions of 1.5 h | Mental health | Mental health pre, post, fallow up 1, 2 Mean(SD) = 130.85(59.35), 63.7(28.68), 56.85(17.62), 62.14(23.02), F = 14.43,P = 0.01 | The intervention was effective in improving mental health and its effect continued until 3 months after the intervention. | Moderate |
Mosalanejad et al., 2012 [18] | Cognitive behavioral therapy | 1 h and 30 min weekly session’s group therapy in 15 week | Stress, anxiety, depression, hardiness | Depression pre, post, Mean(SD) = 13.11(4.76), 6.41(3.26), P = 0.001 Anxiety pre, post, Mean(SD) = 11.11(4.45), 7.17(3.84), P = 0.007 stress, pre, post, Mean(SD) = 14.64(4.07), 6.7(4.22), P = 0.001 | Significant differences was in level of stress (p = 0.000), anxiety (p = 0.001) and depression (0.007) in treatment group pretest with posttest. | Moderate |
Faramarzi et al., 2013 [28] | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Pharmacotherapy | CBT group (gradual relaxation training, restructuring, and eliminating of negative automatic thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes to infertility for 10 sessions) Antidepressant therapy (20 mg fluoxetine daily for 90 days) | Infertility Stress | CBT Infertility Stress pre, post Mean(SD) = 3.5 (0.62), 2.7 (0.62) p < 0.05 fluoxetine Infertility Stress pre, post Mean(SD) = 3.5 (0.53),0.3.2 ( 4.4) p < 0.05 | Both methods significantly reduced the Infertility Stress but CBT was superior to fluoxetine in resolving and reducing of infertility stress. | Strong |
Faramarzi et al., 2008 [29] | Psychological intervention, psychotropic medication | CBT groups (10 sessions on relaxation training, restructuring, and eliminating negative automatic thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes to infertility ), antidepressant therapy (20 mg fluoxetine daily for 90 days) | Mental health, Depression | Fluoxetine mental health pre, post, Mean(SD) = 26.7 (11.9), 18.2 (8.8), P = 0.002 CBT pre, post, Mean(SD) = 28.5 (10.3) 13.6 (7.1), P < 0.001 fluoxetine Depression pre, post, Mean(SD)= 23.2 (8.6), 14.3 ( 8.5) ,p < 0.001 CBT Depression pre, post, Mean(SD) = 20( 7.9), 7.7 ( 4.8), p < 0.001 | Both methods significantly reduced the mental health and Depression scores, the decrease in the CBT group was significantly greater than the fluoxetine group. | Moderate |
Faramarzi et al., 2008 [30] | Cognitive behavioral therapy and fluoxetine | CBT group (gradual relaxation training, restructuring, and eliminating of negative automatic thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes to infertility for 10 sessions), Antidepressant therapy (20 mg fluoxetine daily for 90 days) | Depression, anxiety | Fluoxetine depression pre, post, Mean(SD) = 23.2(8.6), 14.3(8.5), P < 0.001 CBT depression pre, post, Mean(SD) = 20.1(7.9), 7.7(4.8), p < 0.001 | Both methods significantly reduced depression and anxiety CBT was superior to fluoxetine in the resolution or reducing of depression and anxiety. | Moderate |
Ahmadali Noorbala, 2008 [31] | Psychiatric interventions(cognitive-behavioral therapy, supportive psychotherapy, fluoxetine) | Group 1 (6-month psychological treatment with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), supportive psychotherapy, and 20 to 60 mg per day of fluoxetine | Depression | Depression Pre, post Mean(SD) = 18.7(9.7) to 10.7(5.8), P < 0.001 | Depression was significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 (P < 0.001). | Moderate |
Ahmadali Noorbala, 2008 [32] | Pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy | Treated with fluoxetine based on severity of disease, 6–8 session cognitive-behavioral therapy and supportive psychotherapy for six months) | Depression | Depression Pre, post Mean(SD) = 18.7 (9.7), 10.7 (5.8), p < 0.0001 | Psychiatric interventions (pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy) was effective in reduction of depression symptoms (p < 0.0001). | Moderate |
Heydari. P et al., 2002 [33] | Cognitive behavioral therapy | CBT for 12–13 days | Anxiety | State anxiety Pre, post Mean(SD) = 46.4(9.9), 31.6(8.1), P = 0.0001 Trait anxiety Pre, post Mean(SD) = 47.1(11.1), 40.6(9.9), P = 0.001 | Cognitive-behavioral therapy was effective in reducing anxiety. | Moderate |
Talaei. A et al., 2014 [34] | Cognitive behavioral group therapy | 10 Sessions of 120 min for 2/5 months | Depression | Beck depression Pre, post Mean(SD) = 20(7.37), 14.5(6.54), P < 0.05 Hamilton depression Pre, post Mean(SD) = 21.9(7.23), 16.0(10.83), P < 0.05, F = 35.37 | Cognitive behavioral Group therapy was effective in improving depression (p < 0.001). | Moderate |
Starabadi et al.,2020 [35] | Cognitive- Behavioral Therapy | 10 sessions of 90 min | Infertility Stress and Depression | Infertility Stress Pre, post Mean(SD) = 50.43(16.10), 134.70(14.92), F = 38.22, P = 0.0001 Depression Pre, post Mean(SD) = 29.66(6.12), 21.30(4.56), F = 67.27, P = 0.0001 | CBT was effective in decrease of infertility stress and depression. | Strong |
Mosalanejad et al., 2012 [36] | E-Cognitive Group Therapy with Emotional Disclosure | Weekly 12-hour meeting for three months), painting sessions (art therapy) and written and verbal emotional disclosure ,individually and in group | Depression, Anxiety, Stress | Depression Pre, post Mean(SD) = 14 (2.38), 8 (2.62), F, P = 000, 0.99 Anxiety Pre, post Mean (SD) = 13.96 (2.59), 8. 06 (2.63), F, P = 2. 9 4, 0.09 Stress Pre, post Mean (SD) = 13.93 (3.15), 8. 84 (2.65), F, P = 10.32, 002 | Psychological intervention lowered the level of Depression, Anxiety, Stress; the mean difference between two groups was significant (p = 0.001). | Moderate |
van Dongen et al., 2016 [37] | E-Therapy | CBT and usual care and digital psycho-education | Depression, anxiety | Risk difference (95%CI) = 24% (2–46%), P = 0.03 | E-Therapy was effective to reduction in the percentage women having clinically relevant symptoms of anxiety, depression in intervention group compared with the control group 3 months after the first ART cycle. | Moderate |
Minden B et al., 2010 [38] | Web-based treatment | web-based approach to providing a cognitive behavioral intervention (modules Included cognitive restructuring, relaxation, and behavioral activation to commonly endorsed symptoms and experiences of infertile individuals) | General and infertility-related psychological stress | General stress pre, post Mean(SD) = 5.0(1.3), 5.1(1.1) F(intervention condition and time) = 6.045, p = 0.02 | Online cognitive behavioral approach was effective to reduced general stress. | Moderate |
Haemmerli et al., 2010 [39] | Internet-based support | 8-week (13 sessions) Internet-based cognitive-behavioral treatment | Mental health, pregnancy rate | CES-D pre, post, Mean(SD) = 16.7 (11.7), 11.8 (8.1), D (Between group) = 0.337 State anxiety pre, post, Mean(SD) = 41.4 (11), 36.7 (9.3), D (Between group) = 0.383 Trait anxiety pre, post, Mean(SD) = 41.7 (9.8), 37.8 (9.5), D (Between group) = 0.338 IDS pre, post, Mean(SD) = 25.2 (3.9), 21.6 (5.3), D (Between group) = 0.163 | The intervention significantly reduced the depression level of clinically distressed and depressed participants but no effects on pregnancy rate. | Moderate |