Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics, blood pressure, anthropometric and body composition classifications according to gender

Ethnicity

 Malay

6

11.8

20

14.8

0.304

0.859

2

-

0.04

 Chinese

41

80.4

104

77.0

 Indian

4

7.8

11

8.1

Age groups

 18–24

42

82.4

122

90.4

3.043

0.218

2

-

0.128

 25–30

5

9.8

5

3.7

 > 30

4

7.8

8

5.9

Education level

 Secondary

6

11.8

14

10.4

0.075

0.784

1

0.993

0.02

 Tertiary

45

88.2

121

89.6

Marital status

 Single

48

94.1

129

95.6

0.166

0.684

1

0.980

− 0.03

 Married

3

5.9

6

4.4

Monthly household income

 B40

17

33.3

33

24.4

4.751

0.093

2

-

0.16

 M40

20

39.2

77

57.0

 T20

14

27.5

25

18.5

Hypertension class

 Normal

18

35.2

117

86.7

52.558

< 0.001**

2

-

0.532

 Pre-hypertension

28

54.9

18

13.3

 Stage I hypertension

5

9.8

0

0

BMI Classification (Overweight)

 Non-overweight

31

60.8

102

75.6

3.964

0.046*

1

0.07

− 0.146

 Overweight

20

39.2

33

24.4

BMI Classification (Obese)

 Non-obese

43

84.3

130

96.3

8.176

0.004**

1

0.011*

− 0.21

 Obese

8

15.7

5

3.7

TBF Classification

 Normal

32

62.7

95

70.4

0.994

0.319

1

0.412

− 0.073

 High

19

37.3

40

29.6

VFL Classification

 Normal

41

80.4

131

97.0

14.734

< 0.001**

1

< 0.001**

− 0.281

 High

10

19.6

4

3.0

SM Classification

 Normal

30

58.8

88

65.2

0.646

0.422

1

0.527

− 0.059

 High

21

41.2

47

34.8

WC Classification

 Normal

38

74.5

108

80.0

0.661

0.416

1

0.54

-0.06

 High

13

25.5

27

20.0

WHR Classification

 Normal

30

58.8

105

77.8

6.682

0.010*

1

0.016*

− 0.19

 High

21

41.2

30

22.2

WHtR Classification

 Normal

33

64.7

107

79.3

4.212

0.040*

1

0.063

− 0.15

 High

18

35.3

28

20.7

WHO-5 Well-being Category

 Good

44

86.3

90

72.0

7.066

0.008**

1

0.013

0.195

 Poor

7

13.7

45

28.0

CD-Quest Category

 Absent/Slightly

24

47.1

71

52.6

0.454

0.501

1

0.611

− 0.049

 Moderately/Severely

27

52.9

64

47.4