Table 5 Study Outcomes
Study (N = 9) | Violence risk factor | Method of assessing risk factor | Intervening factor | Outcome measure | Result | Limitation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moderating factor (n = 4) | ||||||
Garritsen et al., (2022) [61] | Dynamic factors | HKT-R | Intellectual ability | Recidivism | Intellectual ability had no significant moderating effect on the associations between dynamic risk of violence and violent recidivism. | Gender disproportion Retrospective design |
Robbé et al., (2013) [63] | Violence risk | HCR-20 SAPROF | Types of offence | Violent recidivism | None of the offense type are significant moderator in predicting violent recidivism. | Gender disproportion Retrospective design |
Green et al., (2016) [65] | Violence risk | HCR-20 | Gender | Aggression incidents | Gender was not a significant moderator in predicting likelihood of violence. | Gender disproportion Retrospective design |
Meddeb et al., (2022) [67] | Aggressive antisocial behaviour | LHA | Adverse childhood experience | Externalizing behaviour | Adverse childhood experience does not have moderating effect on the association between aggressive antisocial behaviour and disinhibition. | Measurement used was lack of precision Type I error |
Mediating factor (n = 5) | ||||||
O’Reilly et al., (2015) [5] | Neurocognitive | MCCB | Social cognition | Aggressive incidents | Social cognition has a direct effect on violence independent of neurocognition, violence proneness and symptom severity. | Gender disproportion Small sample size |
Soe-Agnie et al., (2021) [62] | Psychopathic traits and Impulsivity | PPI-R BSI-11 | Self-deception | Externalizing behaviour | Self-deception does not show mediation effect between impulsivity and externalizing behaviour. | Mediator measure was with low reliability |
O’Reilly et al., (2019) [64] | Schizophrenia symptoms | SAPS | Moral cognition | CIRA HCR-20 | Moral cognitions mediated the relationship between the presence of specific psychotic symptoms and form of violence. | Cross sectional design can’t conclude causal relation and direction in the mediation model |
(Welsh & Gordon, (1991) [66] | Personality Past behaviour Arousal | BDHI STAS SES Type of offence Self-report arousal feelings | Cognitive model TRA | Aggression Role Play Assessment | Cognitive variable partially mediate aggressive behaviour | Small sample size |
Moeller et al., (2017) [68] | Psychological distress | Novaco Anger Scale/ HADS/ PSD Check List/ Psychotic symptoms | Violent images | Physical aggression | No mediation effect | Small sample |