Table 4 Characteristics of the Included Studies

O’Reilly et al., (2015)

[5]

Ireland

Secure forensic hospital

n = 89

84 males

5 females

µ:40

Quantitative;

Cross-sectional and prospective

observational

cohort study

Regression analysis

Garritsen et al., (2022)

[61]

Netherlands

Forensic hospital

n = 315

All male

µ:31.8; SD:8.69

Age range = 17–66

Quantitative; Retrospective file study

Logistic regression

Soe-Agnie et al., (2021)

[62]

Netherlands

Forensic psychiatry and addiction care hospitals

n = 94

78 males

15 females

µ:37.65; SD:9.28

Quantitative; Cross-sectional

Regression analysis

Robbé et al., (2013)

[63]

Netherlands

Forensic psychiatric hospital

n = 188

All male

µ:32; SD:7.3

Age range = 18–56

Quantitative; Retrospective file study

Logistic regression

O’Reilly et al., (2019)

[64]

Ireland

Central mental hospital

n = 55

49 males

6 females

µ:40; SD:9.7

Quantitative; cross-sectional national forensic cohort

Mediation analysis

Green et al., (2016)

[65]

New York

Forensic hospital

n = 124

100 males

24 females

Male µ:46.2; SD:13.2

Female µ:40.9; SD: 11.5

Quantitative; Retrospective file study

Logistic regression

(Welsh & Gordon, (1991)

[66]

Philadelphia

Federal forensic hospital

n = 51

-

(µ:29.1; SD:6.6)

Quantitative; Cross-sectional

Multiple regression

Meddeb et al., (2022)

[67]

Sweden

Forensic psychiatric clinic

n = 98

85 males

13 females

µ:34.9; SD:10.7

Age range 19–62

Quantitative; Cross-sectional

Regression analysis

Moeller et al., (2017)

[68]

Denmark

Forensic hospital

n = 54

All male

µ:36.4; SD:11.9

Age range 19 to 67

Quantitative;

Prospective

Binominal regression