Culture shock among international students in Turkey: an analysis of the effects of self-efficacy, life satisfaction and socio-cultural adaptation on culture shock

Table 5 Fit indices of the measurement and theoretical models

Model	CQS	GSE	SCAS	SWLS	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Acceptable Values
p value	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.37	0.001[0.001,0.001]	0.001[0.001,0.001]	0.003[0.16,0.03]	> 0.05
X²/df	1.9	2.1	2.5	1.0	1.3[1.9,1.7]	1.1 [1.8,1.6]	1.6[1.8,1.7]	< 3 (Kline, 2005)
RMSEA	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.02	0.05[0.07,0.07]	0.04[0.06,0.07]	0.05[0.06,0.05]	< 0.08 (Hu & Bentler, 1999)
GFI	0.91	0.90	0.90	0.98	0.92[0.91,0.91]	0.94[0.93,0.92]	0.99[0.98,0.98]	≥ 0.90 (Kline, 2005)
AGFI	0.89	0.85	0.89	0.95	0.91[0.90,0.91]	0.92[0.91,0.90]	0.91[0.93,0.92]	≥ 0.85 (Cole, 1987)
NFI	0.90	0.90	0.91	0.97	0.93[0.92,0.93]	0.92[0.94,0.91]	0.97[0.99,0.98]	≥ 0.90 (Hu & Bentler, 1999)
CFI	0.95	0.94	0.92	0.99	0.95[0.94,0.93]	0.96[0.97,0.95]	0.87[0.90,0.91]	≥ 0.90 (Hu & Bentler, 1999)

Note: CSQ: Culture Shock Questionnaire; CSCAS: Sociocultural Adaptation Scale; SWLS: Satisfaction with Life Scale; total [Muslim students, Christian students]

ISSN: 2050-7283