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Table 2 Standardized factor loadings for the AGS’s bifactor model

From: Academic grit scale for Chinese middle- and upper-grade primary school students: testing its factor structure and measurement invariance

Item

General (SE)

F1 (SE)

F2 (SE)

F3 (SE)

I-ECV (SE)

1

0.74***(0.02)

− 0.02 (0.17)

  

1.00***(0.01)

5

0.82***(0.01)

0.58 (3.73)

  

0.67 (2.87)

9

0.80***(0.01)

0.03 (0.20)

  

1.00***(0.02)

10

0.75***(0.01)

− 0.03 (0.20)

  

1.00***(0.02)

2

0.78***(0.02)

 

− 0.04 (0.08)

 

1.00***(0.01)

4

0.76***(0.01)

 

− 0.11 (0.10)

 

0.98***(0.03)

6

0.79***(0.01)

 

0.13 (0.11)

 

0.97***(0.05)

8

0.70***(0.02)

 

0.15 (0.12)

 

0.97***(0.05)

3

0.75***(0.01)

  

0.34 (0.77)

0.83 (0.64)

7

0.70***(0.02)

  

− 0.01 (0.03)

1.00***(0.001)

  1. Note: ***p < .001;
  2. F1 = determination, F2 = resilience, F3 = focus; I-ECV = item explained common variance