Table 4 Death attitude scale scores of medical students according to various characteristics

Total

3.96 (1.25)

4.13 (1.27)

0.375

3.78 (1.61)

3.09 (1.33)

0.003

5.35 (1.22)

5.37 (0.94)

0.889

4.96 (1.38)

3.34 (1.37)

< 0.001

3.48 (1.69)

2.99 (1.32)

0.040

Gender

 Male

3.67 (1.12)

3.54 (1.34)

0.736

3.08 (1.58)

2.92 (1.33)

0.744

5.29 (1.25)

5.33 (1.22)

0.914

4.53 (1.43)

3.35 (1.32)

0.013

3.27

(1.33)

2.86 (1.34)

0.355

 Female

4.06 (1.28)

4.28 (1.24)

0.339

4.02 (1.56)

3.13 (1.35)

< 0.001

5.37 (1.22)

5.38 (0.88)

0.947

5.11 (1.34)

3.33 (1.39)

< 0.001

3.56 (1.79)

3.03 (1.33)

0.060

Age

 < 25

3.82 (1.13)

4.25 (1.13)

0.126

3.62 (1.58)

3.29 (1.29)

0.353

5.44 (1.16)

5.19 (0.94)

0.343

5.02 (1.55)

3.52

(1.08)

< 0.001

3.63 (1.59)

2.65

(0.952)

0.009^†

 ≥ 25

4.06 (1.32)

4.06 (1.38)

0.993

3.88 (1.64)

2.95 (1.37)

0.003

5.28 (1.26)

5.48 (0.950)

0.367

4.92 (1.26)

3.21 (1.54)

< 0.001

3.38 (1.76)

3.24 (1.49)

0.677

Religious observance

 Yes

3.95 (1.26)

4.34

(1.23)

0.205

3.93 (1.59)

3.25 (1.46)

0.085

5.33 (1.10)

5.38 (0.94)

0.833

5.24 (1.19)

4.62 (1.37)

0.048

3.29 (1.67)

3.27 (1.44)

0.948

 To some degree

4.07 (1.39)

4.04 (1.28)

0.941

3.63 (1.75)

3.08 (1.36)

0.246

5.59 (1.51)

5.26 (0.944)

0.373

4.52 (1.51)

3.22 (1.06)

0.001

3.76 (1.73)

2.92 (1.14)

0.056

 No

3.83 (0.69)

4.09 (1.36)

0.681

2.32 (0.782)

2.98 (1.28)

0.272

4.96 (1.79)

5.48 (0.982)

0.554

2.78 (1.02)

2.55 (0.97)

0.630

5.04 (0.80)

2.88 (1.45)

0.003

Loss of a loved one

 Yes

3.95 (1.29)

4.08 (1.25)

0.591

3.74 (1.65)

2.97 (1.33)

0.007

5.32 (1.17)

5.45 (0.97)

0.501

5.04 (1.29)

3.24 (1.42)

< 0.001

3.56 (1.65)

2.99

(1.46)

0.057

 No

3.98 (1.18)

4.28 (1.39)

0.404

3.84 (1.57)

3.39 (1.35)

0.276

5.41 (1.31)

5.16 (0.89)

0.440

4.81 (1.55)

3.56 (1.24)

0.002

3.33 (1.77)

2.98 (0.95)

0.377

Relation to deceased

 Relative

3.91

(1.26)

3.96

(1.23)

0.850

3.76 (1.64)

2.88 (1.37)

0.005

5.27 (1.19)

5.49 (0.905)

0.280

5.14 (1.22)

3.24 (1.34)

< 0.001

3.45 (1.65)

2.94

(1.42)

0.110

 Non-relative

4.22 (1.55)

4.70 (1.12)

0.473

3.57 (1.76)

3.38 (1.09)

0.780

5.66 (1.02)

5.24 (1.24)

0.464

4.39 (1.59)

3.26 (1.81)

0.198

4.31 (1.53)

3.28 (1.70)

0.220

Cause of death

 Trauma/accidental/non-accidental injuries

4.11 (1.13)

4.30 (1.29)

0.772

2.56 (1.21)

3.06 (1.18)

0.418

4.96 (1.65)

5.42

(0.97)

0.425

4.08 (1.39)

3.21 (1.45)

0.258

3.76 (1.88)

2.92 (1.59)

0.341

 Non-communicable disease/ communicable disease

3.92 (1.45)

4.06 (1.20)

0.640

3.89 (1.65)

2.91 (1.33)

0.005

5.31 (1.19)

5.44 (1.00)

0.644

5.12 (1.28)

3.24 (1.40)

< 0.001

3.46 (1.68)

3.00

(1.47)

0.207

 Unspecified/unknown

3.97 (0.904)

3.24 (1.61)

0.289

3.78 (1.71)

3.27 (2.14)

0.656

5.48 (0.981)

5.87 (0.416)

0.520

5.19 (1.19)

3.53 (2.15)

0.080

3.77 (1.58)

3.07 (0.643)

0.471

Time passed since death

 ≤1 year

4.07 (0.791)

3.98 (1.51)

0.849

3.58 (1.73)

3.07 (1.49)

0.443

5.85

(0.615)

5.20 (1.16)

0.106

4.93 (1.20)

3.51 (1.66)

0.025

3.98 (1.75)

3.07 (1.89)

0.243

 >1 year

3.91 (1.43)

4.10 (1.19)

0.501

3.78 (1.66)

2.95 (1.31)

0.009

5.13

(1.26)

5.51 (0.92)

0.099

5.03 (1.30)

3.18 (1.36)

< 0.001

3.44 (1.64)

2.98 (1.37)

0.155

Age at death

 ≤ 20

3.74 (1.16)

4.38 (1.55)

0.435

3.13 (1.95)

3.33 (1.40)

0.842

5.40 (1.33)

5.87 (0.722)

0.467

4.83 (1.26)

2.65 (1.53)

0.022

3.07 (1.37)

3.37 (1.87)

0.757

 21–40

4.55 (1.36)

4.09 (1.45)

0.571

3.80 (1.93)

3.31 (1.16)

0.579

5.54 (1.03)

5.03 (1.16)

0.398

4.80 (1.62)

3.23 (1.73)

0.120

5.00 (1.52)

3.27 (1.95)

0.099

 41–60

4.86 (1.04)

3.94 (0.911)

0.056

4.03 (0.965)

2.47 (0.895)

0.002

4.88 (0.834)

5.31 (1.12)

0.370

5.03 (0.834)

3.41 (1.40)

0.006

3.67 (0.861)

3.07 (1.26)

0.260

 > 60

3.68 (1.24)

4.03 (1.29)

0.252

3.86 (1.66)

3.02 (1.47)

0.030

5.36 (1.29)

5.52 (0.924)

0.559

5.12 (1.37)

3.28 (1.41)

< 0.001

3.32 (1.78)

2.87 (1.43)

0.262