BMC Psychology

Table 2 Results from Random intercept cross-lagged panel model of Parental stress, stimulation practices, and ASQ

From: Parental stress and child stimulation practices: examining associations with child developmental outcomes over time in Kenya and Zambia

	Combined study sites								Zambia rural								Kenya rural
	B	SE	P	β	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	SRMR	B	SE	P	β	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	SRMR	B	SE	P	β	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	SRMR
PSS T1
					1.0	0.99	0.016	0.008					1	1.1	> 0.01	0.05					0.99	0.98	0.024	0.22
PSS T0	0.023	0.087	0.8	0.022					-0.155	0.103	0.1	-0.155					0.182	0.149	0.2	0.179
Practices T0	-0.066	0.078	0.4	-0.73					-0.079	0.164	0.6	-0.082					-0.139	0.098	0.2	-0.161
ASQ T0	0.044	0.085	0.4	0.049					0.199	0.159	0.2	0.210					-0.003	0.103	0.9	0.004
Practices T1
PSS T0	-0.108	0.078	0.2	-0.098					-0.040	0.099	0.7	-0.039					-0.094	0.109	0.4	-0.047
Practices T0	0.207	0.094	0.03*	0.133					-0.001	0.176	0.9	-0.001					0.464	0.101	> 0.01***	0.223
ASQ T0	0.058	0.086	0.5	0.058					0.096	0.162	0.6	0.097					0.108	0.095	0.3	0.184
ASQ T1
PSS T0	0.077	0.080	0.3	0.069					0.248	0.097	0.01**	0.235					-0.055	0.130	0.7	-0.047
Practices T0	0.205	0.088	0.02*	0.205					0.329	0.174	0.06.	0.324					0.219	0.105	0.04*	0.223
ASQ T0	-0.076	0.061	0.8	-0.067					-0.146	0.184	0.4	-0.146					0.181	0.127	0.2	0.184
PSS T2
PSS T1	0.095	0.083	0.3	0.094					-0.050	0.106	0.6	-0.050					0.326	0.125	0.01**	0.321
Practices T1	-0.045	0.068	0.5	-0.050					-0.069	0.095	0.5	-0.071					-0.007	0.089	0.9	0.008
ASQ T1	0.029	0.067	0.7	0.031					0.128	0.094	0.2	0.135					-0.061	0.093	0.6	-0.069
Practices T2
PSS T1	-0.082	0.079	0.3	-0.075					-0.087	0.101	0.4	-0.084					-0.083	0.127	0.5	-0.072
Practices T1	-0.067	0.087	0.4	-0.067					-0.003	0.109	0.9	-0.003					-0.169	0.142	0.2	-0.170
ASQ T1	-0.046	0.076	0.4	-0.046					-0.054	0.103	0.6	-0.055					-0.064	0.122	0.6	-0.063
ASQ T2
PSS T1	0.011	0.077	0.9	0.010					0.172	0.098	0.08	0.164					-0.152	0.123	0.2	-0.135
Practices T1	0.113	0.075	0.1	0.113					0.111	0.099	0.2	0.109					0.191	0.112	0.09	0.197
ASQ T1	0.071	0.081	0.4	0.071					-0.058	0.105	0.6	-0.058					-0.097	0.127	0.4	-0.098

Note that the PSS ranges from 18 to 90, ASQ scores from 0 to 300, and practice scores range from to 0–26. All variables were measured at three time points each (T0 at baseline, T1 after one year and T2 after two years).Notes: *Significant at *p <.05, **p <.01, ***p <.001.

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