Table 4 PATIE Arabic version’s loadings, reliability, and validity

Teacher Workload and Management (TWM)

P3

Including students with special needs creates few additional problems for teachers’ class management

.712

.055

P10

Students with special needs will take up too much of the teacher aides’ time

.816

.058

P16

Regular students will be disadvantaged by having special needs children in their classrooms

.604

.060

P21

Including students with special needs is unfair to regular teachers who already have a heavy workload

.631

.062

P28

Students with special needs will take up too much of the teachers’ time

.721

.061

Inclusion Benefits and Level of Disability (IBLD)

P9

Students with mild disabilities should be included in regular classrooms

.687

.063

P11

Regardless of whether the parents of regular students object to inclusion, the practice should be supported

.831

.050

P15

Students with disabilities benefit academically from inclusion

.749

.057

P25

Students with moderate disabilities should be included in regular classrooms

.796

.052

P26

Students with disabilities benefit socially from inclusion

.696

.055

P27

Regular students benefit socially from inclusion

.726

.050

Learning Challenges in Inclusive Settings (LCIS)

P2

Students with physical disabilities (wrist crutches, wheelchairs) create too many movement problems to permit inclusion

.737

.060

P4

Students who cannot read normal print size should not be included in regular classrooms

.510

.059

P5

Because special schools are better resourced to cater to special needs students, these students should stay in special schools

.548

.057

P12

Special needs students belong in special schools where all their needs can be met

.675

.054

P18

Special needs students whose achievement levels in basic skills are significantly lower than their classmates (of the same age) should not be included in regular classrooms

.684

.065

P19

Students who have to communicate in a special way (e.g., communication boards/signing) should not be included in regular classrooms

.725

.057

P29

Students with severe speech difficulties should not be included in regular classrooms

.766

.057

Excluded Students (ES)

P6

Students who are continually aggressive toward their fellow students should not be included in regular classrooms

.802

.051

P17

Students who are continually aggressive toward school staff should not be included in regular classrooms

.779

.052

P24

Students with severe disabilities should not be included in regular classrooms

.801

.050

Professional Training (PT)

P1

Regular teachers are not trained adequately to cope with students with disabilities

.711

.056

P13

Teacher aides are trained adequately to cope with students with special needs

.814

.038

P20

Regular school principals are trained adequately to cope with students with disabilities

.593

.068