Table 2 Dimensions, indicators and references for variables Coexistence and Otherness

Categories (Dimensions)

Indicators

Authors

Sense of Belonging

Inclusion Minorities Regionalism

Kymlicka, 2006 [50]; Rodríguez et al., 2006 [51]; Etxeberria, 2003 [52]; Giménez, 2003 [53]; Garreta, 2004 [21]; Lévy, 2004 [54]; Pierre, 2004 [55]; Shenhav & Yonah, 2005 [31]; Jenkins, 2018 [6]; Deusdad, 2009 [19]; Rifkin et al., 2002 [56]; Barabas, 2014 [57]; Mossiere, 2016 [58]; Sanvicen-Torne et al., 2017 [17]; Chaskin, Lee & Jaswal, 2019 [4]; Liu & Kramer, 2019 [25].

Identity

Diversity

Unit

Ideologies

Giménez, 2003 [53]; Córdova, 2003 [59]; Blondel, 2018 [60].

Relationships/ Interaction

Equity

Conflicts

Respect

Intolerance

Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980 [61]; Giménez, 2003 [53]; Etxeberria, 2003 [52]; Pérez-Latre, 2004 [62]; Bekerman, 2007 [30]; Said, 2015 [63]; Ramos & Igartua, 2014 [64]; Barabas, 2014 [57]; Bayón, 2017 [34]; Villalobos et al., 2016 [23]; Polhuijs, 2018 [65]; Najmanovich, 2018 [66].

Dimension / Categories

Indicators

Authors

Representation of the other as a stranger, foreigner, or enemy

Strange

Foreign

Alien

Enemy

Laín-Entralgo,1968 [8]; Lacan, 1971 [9]; Kojeve, 1982 [67]; Todorov, 1991 [68]; Miranda & Castillo, 2001 [69]; Hercman, 2016 [70]; Lévinas, 2001 [71]; Villoro, 1998 [72]; Deusdad, 2009 [19]; Garreta, 2004 [21]; Esquirol, 2005 [20]; Jorba, 2011 [22]; Gudiño-Bessone, 2011 [73]; Bauman, 2012 [14]; Giaccaglia et al., 2012 [16]; Villalobos et al., 2016 [23]; Bekus, 2017 [24]; Sanvicen-Torne, et al., 2017 [17]; Abramovitch, 2019 [74]; Gonçalves, 2019 [75]; Moffitt & Juang, 2019 [12]; Martínez & Muriedas, 2019 [13]; Civila, Romero y Aguaded, 2020 [76].

Representation of the other as an object

Indifferent

Tool

Obstacle

Laín-Entralgo, 1968 [8]; Lacan, 1971 [9]; Kojeve, 1982 [67]; Todorov, 1991 [68]; Miranda & Castillo, 2001 [69]; Hercman, 2016 [70].

Representation of the other as a neighbour or equal

Compatriot

Understandable

Equal

Close

Laín-Entralgo, 1968 [8]; Lacan, 1971 [9]; Touraine, 1997 [7]; Bekerman, 2007 [30]; Shohat & Stam, 2003 [32]; Shenhav & Yonah, 2005 [31]; López-Miguel, 2016 [77]; Sanvicen-Torne et al., 2017 [17]; Hercman, 2016 [70]; Markovich, 2018 [29]; Liu & Kramer, 2019 [25]; Alian & Wood, 2019 [26].

Representation of the other as alterity

Different

Divergent

Varying

Freud, 1917 [78]; Lacan, 1971 [9]; Villoro, 1998 [72]; Garreta, 2004 [21]; Bauman, 2005 [10]; Alcoverro, 2005 [18]; Esquirol, 2005 [20]; Rodríguez et al., 2006 [51]; Gudiño-Bessone, 2011 [73]; Deusdad, 2009 [19]; Jorba, 2011 [22]; Strieder & Herbert, 2015 [15]; Krotz, 2016 [11]; López-Miguel, 2016 [77]; Guttormsen, 2018 [33]; Alian & Wood, 2019 [26]; Skovgaard-Smith, Soekijad & Down, 2019 [27].