Table 3 Relationship of socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics with maternal-fetal attachment and postpartum bonding (n = 228)
Variable | Maternal-Fetal Attachment (n = 228) | Postpartum Bonding (n = 224) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | P | Mean (SD) | p | |
Age (years), Mean (SD) | 0.08 | 0.230 | 0.01 | 0.843 |
Husband age (years), Mean (SD) | 0.13 | 0.036 | 0.04 | 0.535 |
Education | Â | 0.118 | Â | 0.282 |
Under diploma | 89.78 (11.64) | Â | 18.44 (8.88) | Â |
Diploma | 92.49 (9.27) | Â | 19.92 (7.47) | Â |
Academic | 91.15 (9.91) | Â | 20.42 (7.95) | Â |
Husband Education | Â | 0.408 | Â | 0.076 |
Under diploma | 89.87 (11.93) | Â | 19.11 (8.54) | Â |
Diploma | 91.43 (10.01) | Â | 18.64 (7.24) | Â |
Academic | 92.10 (8.05) | Â | 21.54 (6.68) | Â |
Job | Â | 0.765 | Â | 0.825 |
Housewife | 90.95 (10.44) | Â | 19.56 (7.79) | Â |
Employed | 91.48 (9.34) | Â | 19.07 (6.04) | Â |
Husband job | Â | 0.287 | Â | 0.627 |
Employed | 92.91 (8.66) | Â | 20.10 (7.02) | Â |
Worker | 91.93 (12.75) | Â | 18.62 (8.87) | Â |
Self-employed | 90.20 (9.85) | Â | 19.69 (7.45) | Â |
Income satisfaction | Â | 0.129 | Â | 0.001 |
Not enough | 55.56 (10.51) | Â | 23.07 (6.74) | Â |
Relatively enough | 52.19 (10.40) | Â | 18.68 (7.71) | Â |
Completely enough | 52.60 (9.25) | Â | 17.21 (7.32) | Â |
Gestational age (Weeks), Mean (SD) | -0.16 | 0.013 | -0.18 | 0.006 |
BMI (kg/m2), Mean (SD) | 0.05 | 0.435 | - | - |
Parity | Â | 0.018 | Â | 0.831 |
1 | 92.41 (9.58) | Â | 19.86 (7.80) | Â |
2 | 91.11 (1.04) | Â | 19.39 (7.42) | Â |
3 or more | 87.33 (11.85) | Â | 19.06 (8.08) | Â |
History of abortion | Â | 0.331 | Â | 0.576 |
Yes | 92.43 (11.73) | Â | 18.92 (7.68) | Â |
No | 90.69 (10.05) | Â | 19.67 (7.71) | Â |
History of stillbirth | Â | 0.739 | Â | 0.064 |
Yes | 93.00 (13.74) | Â | 9.50 (0.70) | Â |
No | 90.98 (10.35) | Â | 19.62 (7.66) | Â |
Wanted pregnancy | Â | 0.024 | Â | 0.270 |
Yes | 91.94 (10.18) | Â | 19.88 (8.00) | Â |
No | 88.44 (10.51) | Â | 18.60 (6.77) | Â |
Planned pregnancy | Â | 0.003 | Â | 0.221 |
Yes | 92.35 (10.12) | Â | 19.94 (6.60) | Â |
No | 87.91 (10.35) | Â | 19.94 (8.09) | Â |
Wanted sex of baby | Â | 0.002 | Â | 0.720 |
Yes | 92.10 (10.78) | Â | 19.44 (7.90) | Â |
No | 86.91 (7.42) | Â | 19.90 (6.83) | Â |
Satisfaction with pervious birth | Â | 0.172 | Â | 0.774 |
Yes | 88.00 (9.41) | Â | 19.12 (8.21) | Â |
No | 91.00 (13.62) | Â | 19.56 (6.70) | Â |
Complications during pregnancya | Â | 0.689 | Â | 0.067 |
Yes | 91.50 (9.20) | Â | 21.25 (8.90) | Â |
No | 90.85 (10.72) | Â | 19.01 (7.23) | Â |
Type of birth | Â | - | Â | 0.029 |
Vaginal | Â | Â | 18.08 (7.72) | Â |
Emergency cesarean section | Â | Â | 19.94 (6.60) | Â |
Elective cesarean section | Â | Â | 21.20 (8.12) | Â |
Postpartum complicationb | Â | - | Â | 0.402 |
Yes | Â | Â | 20.65 (7.99) | Â |
No | Â | Â | 19.36 (7.65) | Â |
Skin to skin contact | Â | - | Â | 0.382 |
Yes | Â | Â | 19.72 (7.76) | Â |
No | Â | Â | 18.47 (7.27) | Â |
Baby sex | Â | - | Â | 0.360 |
Boy | Â | Â | 19.96 (8.43) | Â |
Girl | Â | Â | 19.01 (6.70) | Â |
Baby weight | Â | - | 0.00 | 0.907 |