Table 1 Descriptive statistics (mean [x̅] and standard deviation [SD]) and gender differences (determined by t-test) for the study variables

Risk-taking

20.17 (6.22)

21.75 (6.98)

19.55 (5.80)

2.55*

0.34

MSCEIT total

107.02 (8.60)

105.49 (8.92)

107.63 (8.41)

-1.78

0.25

MSCEIT perceiving

104.83 (11.05)

104.94 (10.24)

104.79 (11.38)

0.09

0.01

MSCEIT facilitating

101.10 (9.50)

100.34 (9.91)

101.40 (9.34)

-0.79

0.11

MSCEIT understanding

107.80 (10.13)

107.63 (10.69)

107.87 (9.93)

-0.16

0.02

MSCEIT managing

109.37 (11.51)

104.19 (13.06)

111.43 (10.16)

-4.67**

0.62

UPPS positive urgency

9.78 (2.31)

9.80 (2.42)

9.77 (2.27)

0.09

0.01

UPPS negative urgency

9.39 (3.04)

9.17 (3.23)

9.47 (2.96)

-0.72

0.10

UPPS lack of prem.

7.04 (2.16)

6.70 (2.15)

7.17 (2.16)

-1.55

0.22

UPPS lack of pers.

7.09 (2.36)

7.38 (2.39)

6.98 (2.35)

1.22

0.17

UPPS sensation seeking

10.65 (2.87)

11.10 (2.90)

10.47 (2.85)

1.57

0.22

Sensitivity to reward

3.78 (2.25)

4.51 (2.27)

3.49 (2.18)

3.31*

0.46