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Table 5 The comparison of happiness and water pipe dependence between the intervention and control groups

From: The effect of happiness-based education on women’s success of water pipe smoking cessation and happiness: a quasi-experimental study

Variable

Intervention group

(mean ± SD)

Control group (mean ± SD)

P-value***

Effect size

Happiness before interventions* †

38.14 ± 3.21

38.41 ± 3.57

0.43

0.07

Happiness after interventions**†

40.47 ± 3.66

37.11 ± 4.02

0.001

0.87

Changes in the happiness score **ǂ

2.32 ± 2.31

-0.29 ± 1.81

< 0.001

1.25

Water pipe dependence before interventions*§

10.47 ± 2.25

10.14 ± 3.00

0.814

0.12

Water pipe dependence two months after interventions*§

9.02 ± 1.56

10.35 ± 2.99

0.055

0.55

Changes in water pipe dependency score*ǂ

-1.44 ± 1.41

0.38 ± 0.85

< 0.001

1.56

  1. *Mann-Whitney test **Independent t-test ***Wilcoxon’s test † Scores range from 0 to 87. ǂ Mean difference = posttest-pretest § Scores range from 0 to 33
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BMC Psychology

ISSN: 2050-7283

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