Table 4 Multigroup invariance according to the geographical context of the proposed model
Multigroup invariance | χ2 | DF | Δβ | Δp | Interpretation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall test | Without restrictions | 2167.135 | 99,648 | |||
Constrained | 2170.54 | 74,801 | ||||
Difference | 3.405 | 24,847 | ||||
P-value | 1.000 | The p-value of the chi-square difference test is not significant; interpret local tests with caution. | ||||
Route name | β Lima (capital) | β Province | Δβ | Δp | Interpretation | |
Local tests | F3 → F1. | 0.371*** | 0.293** | 0.078 | 1.000 | No difference. |
F4 → F1. | -0.301*** | -0.366** | 0.066 | 1.000 | No difference. | |
F3 → F2. | 0.339*** | 0.508*** | -0.169 | 1.000 | No difference. | |
F4 → F2. | -0.102† | -0.173† | 0.071 | 1.000 | No difference. | |
F1 → F2. | 0.130* | 0.237* | -0.108 | 1.000 | No difference. | |