Table 2 Parameters indirect, direct, and total effect

Type

Effect

Estimator

SD

LL

UL

β

Z

P

Indirect

Stress- → Resilience → PTG

-0.415

0.134

-0.677

-0.153

-0.04

-3.103

0.002

Stress+ → Resilience → PTG

0.482

0.151

0.186

0.778

0.05

3.188

0.001

Component

Stress- → Resilience

-1.235

0.179

-1.586

-0.884

-0.28

-6.899

< 0.001

Resilience → PTG

0.336

0.097

0.147

0.525

0.15

3.475

< 0.001

Stress+ → Resilience

1.435

0.179

1.084

1.786

0.32

8.015

< 0.001

Direct

Stress- → PTG

-0.826

0.408

-1.625

-0.027

-0.09

-2.027

0.043

Stress+ → PTG

3.435

0.414

2.625

4.246

0.36

8.304

< 0.001

Total

Stress- → PTG

-1.241

0.395

-2.015

-0.468

-0.13

-3.145

0.002

Stress+ → PTG

3.918

0.395

3.144

4.691

0.41

9.924

< 0.001