Ethnicity as a risk factor for gambling disorder: a large-scale study linking data from the Norwegian patient registry with the Norwegian social insurance database

Table 2 Logistic regression examining ethnicity as a risk factor for gambling disorder when controlling for age and sex. Here showing the Gambling Disorder group compared to the Norwegian Patient Registry control group and the Gambling Disorder group compared to the Norwegian Social Insurance Database (FD-trygd) control group

	The Norwegian Patient Registry (n = 35,607)					The Norwegian Social Insurance Database (n = 35,295)
	B	SE	Wald	OR	CI for OR (95%)	B	SE	Wald	OR	CI for OR (95%)
Age	0.002	0.001	2.090	1.002	0.999–1.004	0.001	0.001	0.780	1.001	0.999–1.004
Sex
Female	− 0.034	0.040	0.714	0.967	0.894–1.046	− 0.041	0.040	1.078	0.959	0.887–1.037
Country of birth¹
Asia	− 0.359	0.063	32.483	0.698***	0.617–0.790	0.036	0.064	0.309	1.036	0.914–1.175
Europe excluding the Nordic countries	− 1.227	0.064	362.892	0.293***	0.258–0.332	− 0.741	0.065	129.546	0.476***	0.419–0.541
Nordic countries	− 0.850	0.091	86.602	0.427***	0.357–0.511	0.221	0.097	5.220	1.247*	1.032–1.507
Africa	− 0.513	0.098	27.679	0.599***	0.495–0.725	− 0.109	0.099	1.219	0.896	0.738–1.089
North America	− 1.692	0.283	35.742	0.184***	0.106–0.321	− 0.703	0.290	5.872	0.495*	0.281–0.847
South and Central America	− 0.468	0.178	6.913	0.626**	0.442–0.888	− 0.125	0.180	0.484	0.882	0.620–1.256
Oceania	− 1.939	0.718	7.295	0.144**	0.035–0.588	− 1.210	0.726	2.776	0.298	0.072–1.238

Note. *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001., OR = odds ratio, CI = 95% confidence interval, ¹Norway comprised the reference group.

ISSN: 2050-7283