Table 1 Characteristics of the participants (N = 401)
| Â | Variable | N (%)/Mean (SD) | PBQ score | t/F | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | Mother(years) | 30.19 ± 3.59 |  | 0.87 | 0.73 |
|  | Infant(days) | 52.2 ± 15.57 |  | 1.32 | 0.08 |
Education | Junior High School and below | 25(6.2) | 22.36 ± 10.71 | 2.17 | 0.09 |
|  | Senior High School | 29(7.2) | 15.66 ± 9.52 |  |  |
|  | College | 121(30.2) | 20.17 ± 13.94 |  |  |
|  | Undergraduate and above | 226(56.4) | 21.67 ± 12.52 |  |  |
Who takes care of the baby | Totally self-care | 39(9.7) | 29.92 ± 12.73 | 1.76 | 0.84 |
|  | Care with others | 359(89.6) | 22.67 ± 6.11 |  |  |
|  | Totally others-care | 3(0.7) | 19.77 ± 13.36 |  |  |
parity | primipara | 290(72.3) | 21.15 ± 12.44 | 0.42 | 0.64 |
|  | multipara | 111(27.7) | 19.98 ± 13.53 |  |  |
Depression | Yes | 38(9.5) | 25.71 ± 10.76 | -2.50 | 0.01 |
|  | No | 363(90.5) | 20.31 ± 12.84 |  |  |
Anxiety | Yes | 101(25.2) | 25.76 ± 12.46 | -4.62 | <0.001 |
|  | No | 300(74.8) | 19.16 ± 12.42 |  |  |
Complications | Yes | 120(29.9) | 23.73 ± 13.92 | -3.02 | <0.001 |
|  | No | 281(70.1) | 19.58 ± 12.02 |  |  |
Sleep quality | Very good | 36(9.0) | 15.33 ± 12.65 | 15.34 | <0.001 |
|  | better | 185(46.1) | 17.65 ± 11.28 |  |  |
|  | worse | 159(39.7) | 24.65 ± 12.03 |  |  |
|  | Very bad | 21(5.2) | 29.19 ± 17.75 |  |  |
Couple relationship satisfaction | Satisfactory | 323(80.5) | 19.55 ± 12.16 | 9.25 | <0.001 |
|  | Fair | 73(18.2) | 20.40 ± 10.74 |  |  |
|  | unsatisfactory | 5(1.3) | 26.51 ± 13.94 |  |  |