Table 1 Characteristics of the participants

Female, N (%)

66 (56.4)

Age, M (SD), [range]

49.28 (3.83), [40 − 63]

Educational level, N(%)

Primary school and/or below

9 (7.7)

Middle school

33 (28.2)

High school/vocational qualifications or equivalent

39 (33.3)

Junior college

17 (14.5)

Bachelor degree

16 (13.7)

Master degree or above

3 (2.6)

Monthly income

Up to ¥2,999

24 (20.5)

¥3,000 to ¥4,999

34 (29.1)

¥5,000 to ¥9,999

37 (31.6)

¥10,000 to ¥19,999

12 (10.3)

More than ¥20,000

10 (8.5)

Adult children

Female, N (%)

108 (82.4)

Age, M (SD), [range]

21.14 (0.88), [20 − 24]

M, mean; SD, stand deviation.