Table 5 Results of tests of the moderating effect of continuous and sequential skills
Environmental context | Action structure | Outcome variables | Heterogeneity test | Combined effects test | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I2 | P | SMD | 95%CI | Z | P | |||
Open skills | Continuous skills | Inhibitory control | 98.4% | < 0.001 | -1.883 | (-3.928, 0.162) | 1.80 | 0.071 |
|  |  | Working memory | 98.1% | < 0.001 | -1.886 | (-3.766, -0.006) | 1.97 | 0.049 |
|  |  | Cognitive flexibility | 95.9% | < 0.001 | -2.314 | (-3.650, -0.978) | 3.40 | 0.001 |
|  | Sequential skills | Inhibitory control | 85.7% | < 0.001 | -0.825 | (-1.122, -0.528) | 5.44 | < 0.001 |
|  |  | Working memory | 89.2% | < 0.001 | -0.668 | (-1.020, -0.317) | 3.72 | < 0.001 |
|  |  | Cognitive flexibility | 92.8% | < 0.001 | -0.790 | (-1.369, -0.211) | 2.67 | 0.007 |
Closed skills | Continuous skills | Inhibitory control | 97.0% | < 0.001 | -0.032 | (-0.910, 0.846) | 0.07 | 0.943 |
|  |  | Working memory | 97.6% | < 0.001 | 0.672 | (-0.533, 1.876) | 1.09 | 0.274 |
|  |  | Cognitive flexibility | 94.5% | < 0.001 | -0.537 | (-1.289, 0.216) | 1.40 | 0.162 |
|  | Sequential skills | Inhibitory control | 91.1% | < 0.001 | -0.864 | (-1.350, -0.378) | 3.48 | < 0.001 |
|  |  | Working memory | 95.1% | < 0.001 | -1.385 | (-2.190, -0.581) | 3.38 | 0.001 |
|  |  | Cognitive flexibility | 95.3% | < 0.001 | -1.054 | (-1.845, -0.263) | 2.61 | 0.009 |