Table 4 Results of tests of the moderating effect of quantitative intervention characteristics

Open skills

Cycle

Acute

Inhibitory control

96.7%

< 0.001

-1.693

(-2.993,-0.393)

2.55

0.011

Working memory

96.6%

< 0.001

-1.167

(-2.445,0.112)

1.79

0.074

Cognitive flexibility

97.8%

< 0.001

-1.975

(-3.941,-0.008)

1.97

0.049

Long-term

Inhibitory control

88.0%

< 0.001

-0.751

(-1.076,-0.427)

4.54

< 0.001

Working memory

89.9%

< 0.001

-0.730

(-1.096,-0.365)

3.92

< 0.001

Cognitive flexibility

92.3%

< 0.001

-0.899

(-1.439,-0.359)

3.26

0.001

Closed skills

Cycle

Acute

Inhibitory control

95.8%

< 0.001

-0.617

(-1.219,-0.015)

2.01

0.045

Working memory

97.3%

< 0.001

-0.506

(-1.517,0.505)

0.89

0.372

Cognitive flexibility

95.5%

< 0.001

-1.092

(-1.746,-0.438)

3.27

0.001

Long-term

Inhibitory control

90.4%

< 0.001

-0.276

(-0.806,0.253)

1.02

0.306

Working memory

88.4%

< 0.001

-0.221

(-0.708,0.265)

0.98

0.326

Cognitive flexibility

93.9%

< 0.001

-0.329

(-1.163,0.506)

0.77

0.440

Open skills

Intensity

Moderate

Inhibitory control

93.1%

< 0.001

-0.983

(-1.465,-0.500)

3.99

< 0.001

Working memory

94.8%

< 0.001

-1.110

(-1.705,-0.514)

3.65

< 0.001

Cognitive flexibility

92.1%

< 0.001

-1.248

(-1.853,-0.642)

4.04

< 0.001

Vigorous

Inhibitory control

95.2%

< 0.001

-1.382

(-1.777,-0.988)

6.87

< 0.001

Working memory

92.1%

< 0.001

-1.975

(-2.407,-1.542)

8.95

< 0.001

Cognitive flexibility

88.6%

< 0.001

-2.149

(-2.594,-1.704)

9.46

< 0.001

Closed skills

Intensity

Moderate

Inhibitory control

93.3%

< 0.001

-0.587

(-1.556,0.382)

1.19

0.235

Working memory

97.4%

< 0.001

-0.328

(-1.400,0.744)

0.60

0.548

Cognitive flexibility

95.7%

< 0.001

-1.562

(-2.331,-0.793)

3.98

< 0.001

Vigorous

Inhibitory control

93.7%

< 0.001

-0.224

(-1.039,0.591)

0.54

0.590

Working memory

97.8%

< 0.001

-1.184

(-3.154,0.786)

1.18

0.239

Cognitive flexibility

96.1%

< 0.001

-0.596

(-1.956,0.765)

0.86

0.391