Table 2 Sample characteristics (overall and by suicide risk)

Sociodemographic variables

 Nationality

Spanish

513 (72.6)

336 (68.4)

177 (81.9)

 < 0.001

Non-Spanish

194 (27.4)

155 (31.6)

39 (18.1)

 Age (years) ^a

18–29

208 (29.6)

142 (29.1)

66 (30.7)

0.206

30–39

257 (36.6)

171 (35.0)

86 (40.0)

40–49

162 (23.0)

115 (23.6)

47 (21.9)

 ≥ 50

76 (10.8)

60 (12.3)

16 (7.4)

 Prison center

Quatre Camins

125 (17.7)

89 (18.1)

36 (16.7)

0.077

Ponent

97 (13.7)

73 (14.9)

24 (11.1)

Zuera

250 (35.4)

168 (34.2

82 (38.0)

Alcalá-Meco

110 (15.6)

84 (17.1)

26 (12.0)

Naval Carnero

125 (17.7)

77 (15.7)

48 (22.2)

 Education level

No formal education

37 (5.2)

26 (5.3)

11 (85.1)

0.023

Primary

447 (63.2)

292 (59.5)

155 (71.8)

Secondary

186 (26.3)

144 (29.3)

42 (19.4)

University

35 (5.0)

28 (5.7)

7 (3.2)

Others

2 (0.3)

1 (0.2)

1 (0.5)

 Marital Status

Married

216 (30.6)

172 (35.0)

44 (20.4)

 < 0.001

Single/separated or divorced/ widowed

491 (69.5)

319 (65.0)

172 (79.6)

 Prior working status

Employed

441 (62.4)

329 (67.0)

112 (51.9)

 < 0.001

Unemployed

266 (37.6)

162 (33.0)

104 (48.1)

Criminological variables

 Type of offense

Violent offense

437 (61.8)

276 (56.2%)

161 (74.5%)

 < 0.001

Non-violent offense

270 (38.2)

215 (43.8%)

55 (25.5%)

 Recidivism

First time in prison

324 (45.8)

249 (50.7%)

75 (34.7%)

 < 0.001

Recidivist

383 (54.2)

242 (49.3%)

141 (65.3%)

 Time till end of sentence ^a

 ≤ 1 year

241 (35.8)

174 (35.5%)

67 (31.5%)

0.512

2–3 years

166 (24.7)

117 (23.9%)

49 (23.0%)

4–6 years

167 (24.8)

113 (23.1%)

54 (25.4%)

7–9 years

64 (9.5)

46 (9.4%)

18 (8.5%)

 ≥ 10 years

65 (9.2)

40 (8.2%)

25 (11.7%)

Clinical variables

 Family history of mental disorders ^b

Yes

198 (29.8)

106 (22.7%)

92 (46.5%)

 < 0.001

No

467 (70.2)

361 (77.3%)

106 (53.5%)

 Life-time prevalence of mental disorder

 Anxiety disorder

Yes

320 (45.3)

171 (34.8%)

149 (69.0%)

 < 0.001

No

387 (54.7)

320 (65.2%)

67 (31.0%)

 Personality disorder

Yes

582 (82.3)

378 (77.0%)

204 (94.4%)

 < 0.001

No

125 (17.7)

113 (23.0%)

12 (5.6%)

 Affective disorder

Yes

290 (41.0)

135 (27.5%)

155 (71.8%)

 < 0.001

No

417 (59.0)

356 (72.5%)

61 (28.2%)

 Psychotic disorder

Yes

76 (10.8)

32 (6.5%)

44 (20.4%)

 < 0.001

No

631 (89.2)

459 (93.5%)

172 (79.6%)

 Substance use

Yes

539 (76.2)

337 (68.6%)

202 (93.5%)

 < 0,001

No

168 (23.8)

154 (31.4%)

14 (6.5%)

 Physical conditions

Yes

331 (46.8)

186 (37.9%)

145 (67.1%)

 < 0,001

No

376 (53.2)

305 (62.1%)

71 (32.9%)

 Contact with a mental health specialist (last 12 months)

Yes

302 (42.7)

185 (37.7%)

117 (54.2%)

 < 0.001

No

405 (57.3)

306 (62.3%)

99 (45.8%)

 Medication treatment (last 12 months)

Yes

301 (42.6)

141 (28.7%)

160 (74.1%)

 < 0.001

No

406 (57.4)

350 (71.3%)

56 (25.9%)

Prison-related variables

 Prison Regime ^a

1

15 (2.1)

13 (2.7%)

2 (0.9%)

0.342

2

672 (95.7)

466 (95.3%)

206 (96.7%)

3

15 (2.1)

10 (2.0%)

5 (2.3%)

 Solitary confinement (last 12 months) ^c

Yes

170 (50.2)

106 (50.2%)

64 (50.0%)

0.966

No

169 (49.9)

105 (49.8%)

64 (50.0%)

No

 Workshop or training course participation (last 12 months)

Yes

602 (85.1)

429 (87.4%)

173 (80.1%)

0.012

No

105 (14.9)

62 (12.6%)

43 (19.9%)