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Table 3 Stigma and diabetes-specific distress: Univariate analysis of variance for moderators

From: The relationship between stigma and psychological distress among people with diabetes: a meta-analysis

 

QBET

K

N

r

95% CI for r

QW

I2

Type of diabetes

0.28

      

type 1 diabetes

 

3

2599

0.62

[0.44, 0.79]

28.66***

93.00%

type 2 diabetes

 

12

6052

0.56

[0.42, 0.70]

313.31***

96.50%

DSD measures

9.68*

      

PAID-5

 

3

2422

0.39

[0.16, 0.62]

50.81***

96.10%

PAID

 

7

7552

0.66

[0.49, 0.82]

277.36***

97.80%

DDS

 

7

2211

0.58

[0.43, 0.73]

71.77***

91.60%

Others

 

2

592

0.36

[0.22, 0.49]

2.41

58.50%

Stigma measures

6.95*

      

DSAS-1

 

3

2599

0.62

[0.44, 0.79]

28.66***

93.00%

DSAS-2

 

9

5010

0.57

[0.40, 0.73]

263.61***

97.00%

SSS

 

2

451

0.55

[0.44, 0.66]

0.72

0.00%

Geographical location

2.72

      

Europe

 

2

1699

0.56

[0.51, 0.61]

0.79

0.00%

Asia

 

7

1697

0.54

[0.38, 0.70]

67.28***

91.10%

Oceania

 

4

5953

0.72

[0.48, 0.96]

216.66***

98.60%

America

 

6

3428

0.47

[0.28, 0.66]

143.43***

96.50%

Type of stigma

0.07

      

Perceived and experienced stigma

 

14

10,313

0.55

[0.44, 0.66]

366.29***

96.50%

Self-Stigma

 

5

2464

0.58

[0.36, 0.79]

96.87***

95.90%

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BMC Psychology

ISSN: 2050-7283

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