Table 1 Interview guide used for interviews in development phase

1. How old are you?

2. How long have you had a vision impairment?

3. Do you use a white cane?

 • If yes, how long have you been using a cane? and why?

 • If not, have you ever used a white cane? why don’t you use a cane now?

4. What are the advantages of using a white cane for you?

5. Based on your experiences, what are the disadvantages of using a white cane?

6. Which factors make you to use or not use a white cane?

7. How much does your family play a role in using or not using white cane? Please explain

8. How do people in the community treat you when you have a white cane in your hand?