Table 1 Sociodemographic variables and comparison of sleep quality (N = 595)
Variables | N (%) | Baseline | Follow-up | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | t/F | P | Mean (SD) | t/F | P | ||
Gender | |||||||
 Male | 143 (24.034) | 15.322 (5.955) | -1.630 | 0.104 | 15.448 (5.777) | -1.685 | 0.093 |
 Female | 452 (75.966) | 16.173 (5.270) |  |  | 16.325 (5.315) |  |  |
Age | |||||||
  < 20 years | 249 (41.849) | 16.530 (5.329) | 2.141 | 0.033* | 16.924 (5.535) | 3.102 | 0.002* |
  ≥ 20 years | 346 (58.151) | 15.564 (5.507) |  |  | 15.532 (5.299) |  |  |
Grade | |||||||
 Freshmen | 246 (41.345) | 15.789 (5.659) | 4.374 | 0.013* | 15.988 (5.697) | 5.988 | 0.003* |
 Sophomore | 158 (26.555) | 17.013 (5.310) |  |  | 17.291 (5.154) |  |  |
 Junior | 191 (32.100) | 15.335 (5.185) |  |  | 15.304 (5.177) |  |  |
Academic stage | |||||||
 Undergraduate | 554 (93.109) | 16.090 (5.350) | 2.016 | 0.044* | 16.258 (5.335) | 2.381 | 0.018* |
 Postgraduate | 41 (6.891) | 14.317 (6.506) |  |  | 14.171 (6.438) |  |  |
Home location | |||||||
 Urban | 227 (38.151) | 15.612 (5.283) | 1.816 | 0.164 | 15.938 (5.721) | 0.429 | 0.651 |
 Rural | 221 (37.143) | 15.855 (5.532) |  |  | 16.063 (5.163) |  |  |
 Suburban | 147 (24.706) | 16.687 (5.545) |  |  | 16.463 (5.412) |  |  |
Being only child | |||||||
 Yes | 237 (39.832) | 15.502 (5.641) | -1.700 | 0.090 | 15.755 (5.781) | -1.311 | 0.190 |
 No | 358 (60.168) | 16.277 (5.304) |  |  | 16.352 (5.193) |  |  |
Monthly household income | |||||||
  < 10 000 CNY | 245 (41.176) | 16.016 (5.472) | 0.181 | 0.857 | 15.947 (4.959) | -0.628 | 0.530 |
  ≥ 10 000 CNY | 350 (58.824) | 15.934 (5.441) |  |  | 16.231 (5.753) |  |  |
Part time job | |||||||
 Yes | 101 (16.975) | 17.069 (5.382) | 2.236 | 0.026* | 16.673 (5.792) | 1.134 | 0.257 |
 No | 494 (83.025) | 15.743 (5.441) |  |  | 16.000 (5.362) |  |  |
Physical exercise | |||||||
 Yes | 296 (49.748) | 15.601 (5.572) | -1.636 | 0.102 | 15.723 (5.547) | -1.750 | 0.081 |
 No | 299 (50.252) | 16.331 (5.309) |  |  | 16.502 (5.309) |  |  |
Hobby | |||||||
 Yes | 422 (70.924) | 15.630 (5.578) | -2.370 | 0.018* | 15.713 (5.602) | -2.826 | 0.005* |
 No | 173 (29.076) | 16.792 (5.042) |  |  | 17.092 (4.893) |  |  |
Frequency of visiting home | |||||||
 Frequently | 149 (25.042) | 15.671 (5.279) | -0.768 | 0.443 | 15.886 (5.539) | -0.592 | 0.554 |
 Occasionally | 446 (74.958) | 16.067 (5.507) |  |  | 16.191 (5.408) |  |  |
Stress coping strategy | |||||||
 Emotion-focused | 347 (58.320) | 16.378 (5.184) | 21.508 |  < 0.001* | 16.398 (5.310) | 8.985 |  < 0.001* |
 Solution-focused | 198 (33.277) | 14.359 (5.274) |  |  | 15.040 (5.594) |  |  |
 Avoidance coping | 50 (8.403) | 19.500 (5.832) |  |  | 18.400 (4.798) |  |  |
GAD-2a | |||||||
  < 3 | 471 (79.160) | 15.030 (5.068) | -8.684 |  < 0.001* | 15.301 (5.253) | -7.422 |  < 0.001* |
  ≥ 3 | 124 (20.840) | 19.532 (5.393) |  |  | 19.202 (5.022) |  |  |
PHQ-2b | |||||||
  < 3 | 486 (81.681) | 15.113 (5.174) | -8.558 |  < 0.001* | 15.313 (5.303) | -7.983 |  < 0.001* |
  ≥ 3 | 109 (18.319) | 19.780 (5.014) |  |  | 19.688 (4.533) |  |  |
SRHQc | |||||||
  ≤ 4 | 334 (56.134) | 14.231 (5.050) | -9.427 |  < 0.001* | 14.635 (5.441) | -7.885 |  < 0.001* |
  > 4 | 261 (43.866) | 18.192 (5.132) |  |  | 18.008 (4.820) |  |  |