Table 3 Univariate and multivariable linear regression with Global QoL as dependent variable. SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval; NS non-significant. * p < 0.20 on univariate analysis. ** p < 0.05

Formal Schooling

Yes (Reference)

Reference

NS

No

-5.18 (3.47) [-12.03, -1.65] *

Number of people in the household

0.32 (0.15) [0.007, 0.632] *

0.34 (0.14) [0.06, 0.63] **

Monthly Family Income (PKR/USD)

No Income

− 10.32 (4.85) [-19.88, -0.76] *

6000–25,000/ 38–151

-15.14 (3.06) [-21.17, -9.09] *

25,000–40,000/151–242

-4.41 (3.47) [-11.26, 2.44] *

40,000–80,000/242–484

-5.74 (3.03) [-11.72,0.24] *

80000-1500000/484–1028

Reference

NS

Hypertension

-4.41 (2.65) [-0.81, 9.64] *

NS

Status of Cancer Treatment

Complete (Reference)

Reference

Reference

Ongoing

-13.32 (2.19) [-17.65, -9.01] *

-13.93 (2.16) [-18.20, -9.66) **

Feeding Tube

No (reference)

Reference

Yes

-11.86 (2.24) [-16.27, -7.45] *

NS

Tracheostomy

No(reference)

Reference

Yes

-14.09 (4.30) [22.57, -5.61] *

-10.02(3.94) [2.24, 17.80] **

Using Urine Catheter

No (reference)

Reference

Yes

-22.85 (6.59) [-35.85, -9.87] *

NS

Adjuvant Therapy

No Adjuvant therapy

Chemotherapy

Radiotherapy

Combination

Reference

1.66(5.74) [-12.98, 9.64]

3.13(3.56) [-3.87, 10.14]

-5.39 (2.82) [ -10.96, 0.179]

Reference

-4.36(5.23) [-14.67, 5.94]

-2.54(3.30) [-9.05, 3.96]

-8.17(2.62) [-13.36, -2.99] **

Resilience

0.83 (0.10) [0.64, 1.03] *

NS

Social Support

≤ 18 (Low Social Support)

-12.48 (4.43) [-21.22, -3.74] *

> 18 (High Social Support)

Reference

NS

Depression

0–7 (Normal)

8–10 (Mild Depression)

11–21 (Symptomatic Depression)

Reference

-13.36 (4.43) [-21.22, -3.74] *

-29.71 (3.94) [-37.49, -21.97] *

Reference

-6.64 (4.22) [-14.96, 1.68]

-24.37 (2.48) [-32.42, -16.32] **

Anxiety

0–7 (Normal)

8–10 (Mild Anxiety)

11–21 (Symptomatic Anxiety)

Reference

-18.34 (6.93) [-31.98, -4.68] *

-14.76 (7.46) [-29.48, -0.05] *

Reference

-13.34 (5.88) [-24.92, -1.76] **

0.85 (6.93) [-12.80, 14.50]