Table 1 Summary of themes

1: Negative impact of school closures on pupil well-being

1.1 Mood and behavioural decline (Time 1)

1.2 Improved child mental health and well-being following school reopening (Time 2)

Describes child well-being trajectories during school closures and following school reopening in September 2020.

2: Factors influencing children’s well-being

2.1. Family availability and resources

2.2. Social contact with peers

2.3. Activity and routine

2.4. Resilient and adaptable children

Identifies key protective factors for child well-being during periods of school closures, including child and family characteristics

3: The 4Cs of effective remote well-being support

3.1. Contact

3.2 Content

3.3. Creativity

3.4. Community

Identifies four key areas for effective remote well-being provision during periods of school closures

4: Reintegration: reflections and priorities

4.1 Targeted support

4.2 Universal support

4.3 Significance of children’s wider systems

Parent and child reflections on the role of schools in promoting child well-being and development.