Table 2 ANOVA for subscales
From: Mental illness stigma among indigenous communities in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Variables | Treatability | RD | Hygiene | Anxiety | Visibility | Recovery | PE | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M (SD) | F (df) | M (SD) | F (df) | M (SD) | F (df) | M (SD) | F (df) | M (SD) | F (df) | M (SD) | F (df) | M (SD) | F (df) | |
Age | ||||||||||||||
 < 25 | 16.10 (3.9) | 6.16** (2,348) | 27.08 (6.8) | 12.75** (2,348) | 20.46 (5.1) | 9.93** (2,348) | 31.08 (8.5) | 25.66** (2,348) | 16.92 (4.4) | 5.00** (2,348) | 5.05 (3.1) | 0.91 (2,348) | 11.15 (3.0) | 3.39* (2,348) |
 25–40 | 15.48 (4.2) |  | 28.43 (6.1) |  | 21.98 (4.2) |  | 34.46 (6.6) |  | 16.16 (4.1) |  | 5.45 (3.4) |  | 11.96 (2.5) |  |
 > 40 | 16.06 (3.1) |  | 30.97 (4.9) |  | 22.98 (3.3) |  | 38.02 (6.6) |  | 15.27 (3.3) |  | 4.95 (2.6) |  | 11.90 (1.9) |  |
Ethnicity | ||||||||||||||
 Chakma | 11.16 (2.9) | 3.82** (4,348) | 29.67 (6.1) | 1.78 (4,348) | 22.04 (4.6) | 1.07 (4,348) | 35.45 (7.7) | .82 (4,348) | 15.22 (3.9) | 6.43** (4,348) | 4.95 (2.9) | 2.79* (4,348) | 11.81 (2.3) | .24 (4,348) |
 Marma | 11.84 (3.2) |  | 28.26 (6.1) |  | 21.73 (3.7) |  | 34.29 (7.9) |  | 16.61 (3.9) |  | 5.47 (3.2) |  | 11.63 (2.6) |  |
 Rakhine | 10.06 (3.2) |  | 27.16 (6.2) |  | 23.10 (3.9) |  | 33.23 (7.2) |  | 18.45 (3.2) |  | 4.13 (2.9) |  | 11.81 (2.9) |  |
 Tripura | 11.14 (3.1) |  | 29.29 (5.9) |  | 20.93 (4.9) |  | 35.71 (6.9) |  | 16.86 (4.1) |  | 5.11 (3.3) |  | 11.86 (2.8) |  |
 Pangkhua | 13.00 (3.6) |  | 30.04 (5.2) |  | 22.09 (3.5) |  | 35.13 (7.2) |  | 14.87 (3.0) |  | 6.70 (3.1) |  | 11.35 (2.4) |  |
Gender | ||||||||||||||
 Male | 11.66 (3.4) | 5.29* (1, 348) | 28.29 (6.1) | 1041** (1, 348) | 21.37 (4.3) | 13.66** (1, 348) | 33.92 (7.8) | 11.87** (1, 348) | 16.16 (4.1) | 0.89 (1, 348) | 5.02 (2.9) | 1.32 (1, 348) | 11.69 (2.6) | .18 (1, 348) |
 Female | 10.85 (2.5) |  | 30.48 (5.8) |  | 23.11 (3.8) |  | 36.86 (6.9) |  | 15.75 (3.7) |  | 5.42 (3.4) |  | 11.80 (2.3) |  |
Occupation | ||||||||||||||
 Service | 12.22 (3.9) | 1.64 (4,348) | 28.78 (5.7) | 5.73** (4,348) | 21.56 (4.0) | 5.58** (4,348) | 35.05 (6.2) | 9.63** (4,348) | 16.16 (3.5) | 2.90* (4,348) | 4.86 (2.8) | 1.78 (4,348) | 12.06 (2.4) | 2.84* (4,348) |
 Business | 11.14 (2.7) |  | 30.24 (5.1) |  | 22.38 (3.6) |  | 36.73 (6.8) |  | 15.78 (3.7) |  | 5.13 (2.9) |  | 12.28 (1.8) |  |
 Unemployed | 11.61 (3.4) |  | 21.91 (6.1) |  | 21.66 (3.8) |  | 33.25 (8.1) |  | 15.66 (4.1) |  | 5.70 (3.2) |  | 11.02 (2.8) |  |
 Student | 11.05 (3.2) |  | 27.05 (7.1) |  | 20.65 (5.2) |  | 31.52 (8.3) |  | 17.09 (4.5) |  | 4.65 (3.1) |  | 11.35 (3.0) |  |
 Housewife | 11.20 (2.6) |  | 31.03 (5.3) |  | 23.67 (3.5) |  | 37.94 (6.8) |  | 15.07 (3.4) |  | 5.77 (3.4) |  | 11.67 (1.9) |  |
Socioeconomic Status (SES) | ||||||||||||||
 Lower SES | 11.99 (2.9) | 9.25** (3, 348) | 31.16 (4.8) | 5.94** (3, 348) | 23.10 (3.3) | 13.07** (3, 348) | 37.35 (7.4) | 5.704** (3, 348) | 15.33 (3.9) | 1.12 (3, 348) | 6.05 (2.8) | 5.44** (3, 348) | 11.20 (2.3) | 2.91* (3, 348) |
 Lower-middle SES | 10.25 (2.2) |  | 29.14 (6.2) |  | 23.06 (3.9) |  | 35.03 (8.0) |  | 16.15 (3.8) |  | 4.36 (2.8) |  | 12.14 (2.1) |  |
 Middle SES | 11.99 (3.70) |  | 27.61 (6.4) |  | 20.26 (4.6) |  | 33.11 (7.2) |  | 16.29 (3.9) |  | 5.33 (3.3) |  | 11.60 (2.8) |  |
 Higher SES | 12.50 (3.6) |  | 29.00 (4.5) |  | 21.96 (3.3) |  | 37.00 (4.5) |  | 16.42 (4.3) |  | 5.58 (3.3) |  | 1.73 (2.5) |  |
Literacy | ||||||||||||||
 Up to primary | 11.57 (2.7) | 1.91 (6, 348) | 28.12 (6.6) | 4.3** (6, 348) | 22.90 (3.6) | 2.7* (6, 348) | 34.48 (9.9) | 3.5** (6, 348) | 16.10 (4.4) | 1.33 (6, 348) | 6.19 (3.4) | 2.85* (6, 348) | 11.67 (2.1) | 3.3** (6, 348) |
 Up to secondary | 11.18 (2.9) |  | 30.73 (4.4) |  | 22.98 (4.0) |  | 36.09 (6.9) |  | 15.57 (4.3) |  | 5.11 (2.9) |  | 11.95 (1.7) |  |
 SSC | 11.18 (2.8) |  | 29.91 (5.2) |  | 22.15 (4.1) |  | 35.49 (6.5) |  | 16.24 (2.8) |  | 4.69 (2.6) |  | 11.65 (2.4) |  |
 HSC | 11.02 (3.0) |  | 29.23 (5.8) |  | 21.36 (4.1) |  | 34.75 (7.9) |  | 16.38 (3.9) |  | 4.99 (3.2) |  | 11.60 (2.7) |  |
 Hons’ | 10.95 (3.4) |  | 26.67 (6.9) |  | 20.79 (5.2) |  | 32.41 (8.2) |  | 16.67 (4.3) |  | 4.88 (3.4) |  | 11.95 (2.9) |  |
 Master’s and above | 12.33 (4.1) |  | 28.17 (6.8) |  | 21.61 (3.9) |  | 34.50 (5.2) |  | 14.94 (3.9) |  | 4.42 (2.7) |  | 12.69 (1.7) |  |
 Illiterate | 12.80 (2.6) |  | 32.48 (4.7) |  | 23.68 (2.5) |  | 40.04 (4.7) |  | 14.92 (3.1) |  | 6.88 (2.4) |  | 10.00 (2.5) |  |
Religion | ||||||||||||||
 Buddhist | 11.43 (3.1) | 1.55 (1, 348) | 28.98 (6.1) | 0.58 (1, 348) | 21.90 (4.3) | 1.35 (1, 348) | 34.95 (7.6) | .19 (1, 348) | 16.03 (3.9) | 0.03 (1, 348) | 5.16 (3.1) | .01 (1, 348) | 11.74 (2.5) | .28 (1, 348) |
 Christian | 10.40 (2.7) |  | 30.20 (5.4) |  | 23.20 (2.9) |  | 34.07 (8.3) |  | 15.87 (3.8) |  | 5.13 (3.1) |  | 11.40 (1.8) |  |
Knowledge about mental health | ||||||||||||||
 Yes | 10.87 (2.8) | 1.98 (1, 348) | 28.52 (6.8) | .52 (1, 348) | 22.95 (3.8) | 4.01* (1, 348) | 34.83 (7.8) | .01 (1, 348) | 16.98 (4.1) | 4.38* (1, 348) | 4.05 (3.1) | 9.54** (1, 348) | 12.40 (2.2) | 5.44* (1, 348) |
 No | 11.49 (3.2) |  | 29.14 (5.9) |  | 21.75 (4.3) |  | 34.93 (7.6) |  | 15.82 (3.9) |  | 5.39 (3.0) |  | 11.59 (2.5) |  |
Presence of mental illness among family members | ||||||||||||||
 Yes | 10.67 (4.4) | .48 (1, 348) | 29.67 (6.5) | .10 (1, 348) | 18.56 (5.5) | 6.03* (1, 348) | 33.44 (7.7) | .34 (1, 348) | 16.11 (5.2) | .01 (1, 348) | 5.22 (3.4) | .004 (1, 348) | 11.67 (2.6) | .006 (1, 348) |
 No | 11.40 (3.1) |  | 29.01 (6.1) |  | 22.05 (4.2) |  | 34.95 (7.6) |  | 16.02 (3.9) |  | 5.16 (3.1) |  | 11.73 (2.5) |  |
Treatment sought for Mental Health Illness | ||||||||||||||
 Yes | 10.40 (2.4) | 1.55 (1, 348) | 29.00 (5.1) | .00 (1, 348) | 22.03 (4.2) | 2.31 (1, 348) | 32.47 (5.8) | 1.61 (1, 348) | 15.67 (4.7) | 0.13 (1, 348) | 5.33 (3.4) | .05 (1, 348) | 10.53 (2.5) | 3.70 (1, 348) |
 No | 11.43 (3.2) |  | 29.03 (6.1) |  | 20.33 (5.8) |  | 35.02 (7.7) |  | 16.04 (3.9) |  | 5.15 (3.1) |  | 11.78 (2.5) |  |