Table 7 Risk of bias of the studies included in the systematic review assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS)
Study | Selection | Comparability | Exposure | Risk of bias assessment (0–9) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case definition | Represen-tativeness | Selection of controls | Definition of controls | Confounding factors (*) | Ascertainment of exposure | Same method of ascertainment | Nonresponse rate | ||
Swerdlow et al. [84] | * | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 8 | |
Grillon et al. [85] | * | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 8 | |
Grillon et al. [86] | * | * | */* | * | * | 6 | |||
Grillon et al. [81] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | * | 8 | |
Grillon et al. [82] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 7 | ||
Perry et al. [87] | * | * | */* | * | * | 6 | |||
Ludewig et al. [88] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 7 | ||
Muñoz et al. [89] | * | * | * | */ | * | * | 6 | ||
Hejl et al. [90] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 7 | ||
Perry et al. [91] | * | * | * | */* | * | 6 | |||
Perriol et al. [92] | * | * | */* | * | * | 6 | |||
Rich et al. [93] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 7 | ||
Barrett et al. [94] | * | * | */* | * | * | 6 | |||
Ludewig et al. [95] | * | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 8 | |
Lipschitz et al. [96] | * | * | */* | * | * | 6 | |||
Quednow et al. [97] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 7 | ||
Ueki et al. [98] | * | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 8 | |
Carroll et al. [99] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 7 | ||
Giakoumaki et al. [100] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | * | 8 | |
Duley et al. [101] | * | * | */* | * | * | 6 | |||
Gogos et al. [102] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 7 | ||
Holstein et al. [103] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | * | 8 | |
McMillan et al. [104] | * | * | * | */* | * | 6 | |||
Vrana et al. [105] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 7 | ||
Zoetmulder et al. [106] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 7 | ||
Ivleva et al. [107] | * | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 8 | |
Comasco et al. [108] | * | * | * | * | */* | * | * | * | 9 |
Vrana et al. [109] | * | * | * | */ | * | * | 6 | ||
Sánchez-Morla et al. [110] | * | * | * | */* | * | 6 | |||
Pineles et al. [111] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 7 | ||
De la Casa et al. [83] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 7 | ||
Comasco et al. [112] | * | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 8 | |
Echiverri-Cohen et al. [113] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 7 | ||
Matsuo et al. [114] | * | * | * | * | */* | * | * | * | 9 |
Millian-Morell et al. [115] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 7 | ||
Meteran et al. [116] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | * | 8 | |
Bo et al. [117] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 7 | ||
Matsuo et al. [118] | * | * | * | * | */* | * | * | * | 9 |
Massa et al. [119] | * | * | * | * | */* | * | * | * | 9 |
Storozheva et al. [120] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | * | 8 | |
San-Martin et al. [121] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 7 | ||
Acheson et al. [122] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | * | 8 | |
Swerdlow et al. [123] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 7 | ||
Castellanos et al. [124] | * | * | * | */ | * | * | 6 | ||
Swerdlow et al. [125] | * | * | */* | * | * | * | 7 | ||
Hoenig et al. [126] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 7 | ||
de Leeuw et al. [127] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | * | 8 | |
Ahmari et al. [128] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 7 | ||
Buse et al. [129] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 7 | ||
Kohl et al. [130] | * | * | * | */* | * | 6 | |||
Zebardast et al. [131] | * | * | */* | * | * | 6 | |||
Pittenger et al. [132] | * | * | * | */ | * | 5 | |||
Steinman et al. [133] | * | * | * | * | */* | * | * | * | 9 |
Efferen et al. [134] | * | * | * | */ | * | * | 6 | ||
Quednow et al. [135] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 7 | ||
Heekeren et al. [136] | * | * | * | */ | * | * | 6 | ||
Kedzior et al. [137] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 7 | ||
Kedzior et al. [138] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 7 | ||
Mathias et al. [139] | * | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 8 | |
Preller et al. [140] | * | * | * | * | */* | * | * | * | 9 |
Winton-Brown et al. [141] | * | * | * | */* | * | 6 | |||
Morales-Muñoz et al. [142] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 7 | ||
Gil-Miravet et al. [143] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | * | 8 | |
Echevarria et al. [144] | * | * | * | */* | * | * | 7 | ||