Table 4 Summary of studies on PPI deficit that compared mood-related disorders patients to matched controls
Study | Startle response (SR) | Prepulse inhibition (PPI) | Neurobiology proposed | Cognition proposed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Perry et al. [91] | No differences | No differences (tendency: MDD > Control: ↓%PPI) | CSPP deficit RT ↓ PPI | NR |
Quednow et al. [97] | No differences | No differences | NR | Suicide attempt no RT PPI |
Comasco et al. [112] | MDD > Control: ↑ SR mg. | MDD > Control: ↓ %PPI | Genetic risk RT ↓ PPI | Depression & insomnia RT ↓ PPI |
Matsuo et al. [114] | No differences | MDD♂>Control♂: ↓ %PPI | Sexual dimorphism RT PPI | Depression RT ↓ PPI |
Perry et al. [87] | No differences | BD > Control: ↓ %PPI | CSPP deficit RT ↓ PPI | Cognitive fragmentation RT ↓ PPI |
Rich et al. [93] | No differences | No differences | NR | ADHD symptoms no RT PPI |
Barrett et al. [94] | No differences | No differences | NR | NR |
Carroll et al. [99] | BD > Control: SR ↓mg. ↑lat. | No differences | NR | Depression RT ↑ SR |
Giakoumaki et al. [100] | No differences | BD > grBD > Control: ↓ %PPI | Genetic risk & PFC deficit RT ↓ PPI | ↓ Inhibitory control RT ↓ PPI |
Gogos et al. [102] | BD♂>Control♂: ↓ SR mg. | BD♂>Control♂: ↓%PPI (60ms) BD♀>Control♀: ↑%PPI (120ms) | Increase in 5-HT receptors RT ↑ PPI (♀) | ↑ ISI (120ms) mobilizes attentional resources |
Ivleva et al. [107] | No differences | No differences | NR | NR |
Sánchez-Morla et al. [110] | BD > Control: ↑ SR lat. | BD > Control: ↓ %PPI (ISI 60 and 120ms) | Amygdala déficit RT ↓ PPI | ↓ Social cognition RT ↓ PPI |
Bo et al. [117] | No differences | BD > Control: ↓ %PPI | PFC deficit RT ↓ PPI | ↓ Inhibitory control RT ↓ PPI |
Matsuo et al. [118] | No differences | BD♂>Control♂: ↓ %PPI | NR | Depression RT ↓ PPI |
Massa et al. [119] | BD > Control: ↑ SR lat. | No differences | Genetic risk RT ↓ PPI | ↓ Memory, executive function & SIP RT ↓ SR |
San-Martin et al. [121] | No differences | BD > Control: ↓%PPI (ISI 60ms) | NR | NR |