Skip to main content

Table 3 Univariable model results for the association between baseline mental health and information seeking, risk perception, and mask wearing self-efficacy over time

From: Influence of mental health on information seeking, risk perception and mask wearing self-efficacy during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal panel study across 6 U.S. States

 

Info-seeking

B (CI), p value

Risk Perception

B (CI), p value

Mask wearing self-efficacy

B (CI), p value

Distress (Scale 0–10)

0.06 (0.04, 0.07), < 0.001

2.12 (1.78, 3.46), < 0.001

0.01 (-0.01, 0.02), 0.471

Wave (REF = Baseline)

   

2

-0.03 (-0.14, 0.08),), 0.584

8.46 (6.26, 10.67), < 0.001

0.17 (0.08, 0.27), < 0.001

3

-0.09 (-0.20, 0.03), 0.145

8.85 (6.42, 11.29), < 0.001

0.27 (0.16, 0.37), < 0.001

Distress * Wave (REF = Baseline)

   

2

0.23 (0.14, 0.33), < 0.001

7.00 (4.99, 9.02), < 0.001

-0.00 (-0.09, 0.08), 0.937

3

0.10 (-0.02, 0.23), 0.104

5.03 (2.45, 7.61), < 0.001

-0.13 (-0.24, -0.02), 0.024

Fear

0.18 (0.12, 0.23), < 0.001

4.26 (3.12, 5.40), < 0.001

0.01 (-0.04, 0.06), 0.675

Wave (REF = Baseline)

   

2

-0.17 (-0.31, 0.04), 0.013

2.38 (-0.47, 5.24), 0.102

0.24 (0.11, 0.36), < 0.001

3

-0.20 (-0.36, -0.04), 0.015

1.03 (-2.32, 4.38), 0.546

0.35 (0.21, 0.50), < 0.001

Fear * Wave

   

2

-0.01 (-0.08, 0.07), 0.907

-0.07 (-1.65, 1.52), 0.937

-0.06 (-0.12, 0.01), 0.107

3

-0.06 (-0.15, 0.03), 0.175

0.49 (-1.36, 2.34), 0.602

-0.10 (-0.18, -0.02), 0.011

Upset/avoidance

0.08 (0.04, 0.12), < 0.001

2.57 (1.70, 3.44), < 0.001

-0.03 (-0.07, 0.01), 0.126

Wave (REF = Baseline)

   

2

-0.18 (-0.30, -0.05), 0.009

2.74 (0.01, 5.47), 0.049

0.18 (0.06, 0.30), 0.002

3

-0.23 (-0.38, -0.07), 0.004

1.49 (-1.72, 4.70), 0.364

0.16 (0.02, 0.30), 0.021

Upset/avoidance * Wave (REF = Baseline)

   

2

0.00 (-0.06, 0.06), 0.945

-0.24 (-1.46, 0.99), 0.703

-0.02 (-0.07, 0.04), 0.508

3

-0.03 (-0.10, 0.04), 0.335

0.19 (-1.24, 1.62), 0.798

0.02 (-0.05, 0.08), 0.636

Anger

0.10 (0.05, 0.15), < 0.001

3.66 (2.54, 4.77), < 0.001

-0.08 (-0.13, -0.03), 0.001

Wave (REF = Baseline)

   

2

-0.17 (-0.31, -0.04), 0.014

3.13 (0.26, 6.00), 0.032

0.17 (0.05, 0.29), 0.007

3

-0.16 (-0.32, 0.00), 0.047

1.57 (-1.81, 4.94), 0.363

0.21 (0.06, 0.35), 0.005

Anger * Wave (REF = Baseline)

   

2

0.00 (-0.08, 0.08), 0.929

-0.51 (-2.08, 1.06), 0.523

-0.02 (-0.08, 0.05), 0.655

3

-0.08 (-0.17, 0.01), 0.077

0.18 (-1.66, 2.02), 0.845

-0.01 (-0.09, 0.07), 0.803

Disinterest 

0.07 (0.03, 0.12), 0.001

3.50 (2.59, 4.41), < 0.001

-0.00 (-0.04, 0.04), 0.951

Wave (REF = Baseline)

   

2

-0.19 (-0.34, -0.05), 0.007

2.77 (-0.18, 5.72), 0.065

0.17 (0.05, 0.30), 0.008

3

-0.23 (-0.39, -0.06), 0.008

3.51 (0.03, 7.00), 0.048

0.24 (0.09, 0.39), 0.002

Disinterest * Wave

   

2

0.01 (-0.05, 0.07), 0.802

-0.24 (-1.50, 1.03), 0.713

-0.01 (-0.07, 0.04), 0.648

3

-0.03 (-0.10, 0.04), 0.372

-0.82 (-2.30, 0.67), 0.28

-0.02 (-0.09, 0.04), 0.455

Hopelessness

0.07 (0.01, 0.13), 0.016

3.31 (2.05, 4.58), < 0.001

-0.11 (-0.16, -0.05), < 0.001

Wave (REF = Baseline)

   

2

-0.22 (-0.35, -0.09), 0.001

2.66 (-0.08, 5.40), 0.057

0.13 (0.01, 0.25), 0.032

3

-0.25 ( -0.41, -0.10), 0.001

0.47 (-2.81, 3.74), 0.78

0.18 (0.05, 0.32), 0.01

Hopelessness * Wave (REF = Baseline)

   

2

0.03 (-0.06, 0.11), 0.499

-0.27 (-2.03, 1.49), 0.767

0.01 (-0.06, 0.09), 0.725

3

-0.03 (-0.13, 0.07), 0.595

1.10 (-1.04, 3.24), 0.315

0.00 (-0.09, 0.10), 0.942

Diminished functional ability

0.11 (0.06, 0.16), < 0.001

2.82 (1.80, 3.84), < 0.001

-0.00 (-0.05, 0.04), 0.947

Wave (REF = Baseline)

   

2

-0.20 (-0.33, -0.07), 0.003

3.78 (1.02, 6.54), 0.007

0.25 (0.13, 0.36), < 0.001

3

-0.23 (-0.38, -0.08), 0.004

1.31 (-1.92, 4.54), 0.428

0.29 (0.15, 0.42), < 0.001

Diminished functional ability * Wave (REF = Baseline)

   

2

0.01 (-0.06, 0.08), 0.749

-0.88 (-2.30, 0.53), 0.22

-0.06 (-0.12, 0.00), 0.057

3

-0.04 (-0.12, 0.04), 0.351

0.34 (-1.33, 2.00), 0.692

-0.06 (-0.13, 0.01), 0.115

  1. Statistical significance set at p = 0.001. All models adjusted for age, income, number of people known who died of COVID-19, education, political party, and work status
Back to article page

BMC Psychology

ISSN: 2050-7283

Contact us