Table 1 Baseline Mental health descriptives and demographics associated with distress
Mental health survey items | T1 (May/June 2020) (total sample N = 3,059) (M; SD)(n) |
|---|---|
Distress overall in past week (6 or higher rating out of 10, 0 = things are good, 10 = I feel as bad as I have ever felt) | 41% (M = 0.41; SD = 0.49)(n = 3.056) |
Mental Health Screener items, past 2 weeks, how often have you felt… (% reporting ‘some, most, all of the time ’ collapsed) | |
So afraid that nothing could calm me down (fear) | 17% (M = 0.17; SD = 0.38)(n = 3,002) |
So angry that I felt out of control (anger) | 18% (M = 0.18; SD = 0.38)(n = 3,009) |
Uninterested in things that I used to like (disinterest) | 33% (M = 0.32; SD = 0.47)(n = 3,010) |
So hopeless that I did not want to carry on living (hopelessness) | 11% (M = 0.11; SD = 0.32)(n = 3,010) |
So upset about COVID-19 that I tried to avoid conversations or activities that reminded me of COVID-19 (upset/avoidance) | 28% (M = 0.28; SD = 0.45)(n = 3,010) |
Unable to carry out activities for essential living because of the above (diminished functional ability) | 23% (M = 0.22; SD = 0.42)(n = 3,010) |
Association between demographics and distress at Time 1Â (REF = reference group) | B (CI), p value |
Gender (Female ) | 0.82 (0.62, 1.02), < 0.001 |
Age | -0.04 (-0.05, -0.04), < 0.001 |
Hispanic/Latinx (REF: White) | 0.81 (0.48, 1.13), < 0.001 |
Asian (REF: White) | 0.30 (-0.21, 0.81), 0.251 |
Black American (REF: White) | 0.88 (0.56, 1.20), < 0.001 |
Multiracial (REF: White) | 0.55 (0.03, 1.06), 0.039 |
Less than high school (REF: Graduate degree) | 0.76 (0.11, 1.04), 0.021 |
High school (REF: Graduate degree) | 0.67 (0.35, 1.00), < 0.001 |
Some college (REF: Graduate degree) | 0.29 (-0.02, 0.61), 0.068 |
2 year degree (REF: Graduate degree) | 0.70 (0.32, 1.08), < 0.001 |
4 year degree (REF: Graduate degree) | 0.25 (-0.06, 0.56), 0.118 |
$10,000 or less (REF: More than $150,000) | 1.14 (0.70, 1.59), < 0.001 |
$10,001-$20,000 (REF: More than $150,000) | 1.43 (0.97, 1.89), < 0.001 |
$20,001-$30,000 (REF: More than $150,000) | 0.91 (0.45, 1.38), < 0.001 |
$30,001 to $40,000 (REF: More than $150,000) | 1.00 (0.53, 1.46), < 0.001 |
$40,001 to $50,000 (REF: More than $150,000) | 0.70 (0.24, 1.15), 0.003 |
$50,001 to $60,000 (REF: More than $150,000) | 0.37 (-0.10, 0.85), 0.119 |
$60,001 to $80,000 (REF: More than $150,000) | 0.22 (-0.19, 0.64), 0.293 |
$80,001 to $100,000 (REF: More than $150,000) | 0.34 (-0.08, 0.77), 0.115 |
$100,001 to $150,000 (REF: More than $150,000) | 0.20 (-0.12, 0.64), 0.182 |
Employed full time (32 or more hours/week) (REF: Retired) | 1.30 (1.00, 1.61), < 0.001 |
Employed part time (1–31 h/week) (REF: Retired) | 1.49 (1.11, 1.87), < 0.001 |
Working without pay (e.g., childcare, volunteering) (REF: Retired) | 1.51 (0.94, 2.07), < 0.001 |
Furloughed (REF: Retired) | 1.35 (0.81, 1.89), < 0.001 |
Unemployed and looking for work (REF: Retired) | 2.28 (1.85, 2.72), < 0.001 |
Unemployed and not looking for work (REF: Retired) | 1.40 (0.89, 1.90), < 0.001 |
Receiving or awaiting approval for disability payments (REF: Retired) | 2.58 (2.00, 3.16), < 0.001 |
Primarily a student (REF: Retired) | 2.01 (1.49, 2.54), < 0.001 |
Republican (REF: Democrat) | -0.88 (-1.14, -0.62), < 0.001 |
Independent (REF: Democrat) | -0.34 (-0.57, -0.10), 0.005 |
Other (REF: Democrat) | -0.08 (-0.51, 0.36), 0.730 |
#Known who have died of COVID-19 | 0.59 (0.33, 0.89), < 0.001 |