Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the male and female dyads (n = 9560 couples)
Husband | Wife | Statistics | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age(years) | 50.87 ± 13.93 | 48.98 ± 13.69 | t = − 9.477 | < 0.001*** |
Marital satisfaction | 13.75 ± 1.95 | 12.61 ± 2.55 | t = 0.049 | 0.961 |
Neuroticism | 6.21 ± 1.97 | 6.89 ± 1.90 | t = 0.063 | 0.949 |
Depression | 12.86 ± 3.70 | 13.89 ± 3.97 | t = 18.577 | < 0.001*** |
Health | 3.01 ± 1.18 | 3.20 ± 1.24 | t = 10.953 | < 0.001*** |
Region | χ2 = 22.792 | < 0.001*** | ||
Rural | 6947 (72.2) | 7233 (75.2) | ||
Nonrural | 2678 (27.8) | 2392 (24.8) | ||
Educational level | χ2 = 652.587 | < 0.001*** | ||
Illiteracy | 1419 (14.7) | 2881 (29.9) | ||
Primary school | 3981 (41.4) | 3110 (32.3) | ||
Middle school | 2210 (23.0) | 1835 (19.1) | ||
High school/junior college | 1285 (13.4) | 1128 (11.7) | ||
Undergraduate college | 322 (3.4) | 303 (3.2) | ||
Missing | 407 (4.2) | 368 (3.8) | ||
Ethnicity | χ2 = 7.823 | < 0.05* | ||
Han | 9054 (94.1) | 8994 (93.4) | ||
Ethnic minorities | 571 (5.9) | 631 (6.6) | ||
Partner’s Employ | χ2 = 500.634 | < 0.001*** | ||
Employment | 8085 (84.0) | 6797 (70.6) | ||
Unemployment | 68 (0.7) | 74 (0.8) | ||
Drop out of the labour market | 1472 (15.3) | 2754 (28.6) | ||
Partner’s Smoking frequency (whether smoke in the past month) | χ2 = 6939.725 | < 0.001*** | ||
No | 4063 (42.2) | 9371 (97.4) | ||
Yes | 5562 (57.8) | 254 (2.6) | ||
Partner’s Medical expenses | χ2 = 164.549 | < 0.001*** | ||
X ≤ 1000 | 6841 (71.1) | 6096 (63.3) | ||
1000 < X ≤ 5000 | 1591 (16.5) | 2153 (22.4) | ||
5000 < X ≤ 30,000 | 956 (9.9) | 1199 (12.5) | ||
X > 30,000 | 237 (2.5) | 175 (1.8) | ||
Partner’s Monthly after-tax income | χ2 = 897.083 | < 0.001*** | ||
X ≤ 3000 | 7206 (74.9) | 8765 (91.1) | ||
3000 < X ≤ 10,000 | 2322 (24.1) | 826 (8.6) | ||
X > 10,000 | 97 (1.0) | 34 (0.3) | ||
Family size | 4.20 (1.66) | – | ||
Number of children | 1.78 (0.78) | – |