Table 1 Comparison of sleep problems in each domain among male and female groups
From: Sleep hygiene and sleep quality in Iranian adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic
Domains | Total (M ± SD) | Male (M ± SD) | Female (M ± SD) | F | df | p-value | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sleep latency | 1.70 ± 1.01 | 1.57 ± 0.96 | 1.86 ± 1.05 | 11.94 | 1 | 0.001 | 0.019 |
Sleep disturbances | 0.96 ± 0.50 | 0.96 ± 0.52 | 0.97 ± 0.45 | 0.061 | 1 | 0.803 | 0.001 |
Sleeping medication | 0.22 ± 0.59 | 0.21 ± 0.79 | 0.24 ± 0.58 | 0.280 | 1 | 0.608 | 0.001 |
Daytime dysfunction | 0.67 ± 0.79 | 0.69 ± 0.79 | 0.63 ± 0.80 | 1.06 | 1 | 0.303 | 0.002 |
Subjective sleep quality | 1.03 ± 0.95 | 0.97 ± 0.92 | 1.10 ± 1 | 2.532 | 1 | 0.094 | 0.004 |
Sleep efficiency | 2.55 ± 0.79 | 2.57 ± 0.78 | 2.54 ± 0.80 | 0.059 | 1 | 0.741 | 0.001 |
Sleep duration | 5.44 ± 1.12 | 5.46 ± 1.13 | 5.42 ± 1.12 | 0.176 | 1 | 0.633 | 0.001 |
Sleep quality (total) | 7.14 ± 2.47 | 6.98 ± 2.51 | 7.34 ± 2.40 | 3.125 | 1 | 0.078 | 0.005 |