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Table 2 Clinical characteristics of the participants and their relation with craving beliefs about substance use

From: The relationship between beliefs in substance craving and quality of life among narcotics anonymous: a cross-sectional study in southeastern Iran

Variable

Frequency (percent)

Craving beliefs about substance use

Statistical test (P value)

Mean

SD

Age of starting drug use (yr.)

    

 ≤ 18

69 (34.2)

80.07

21.35

 F = 0.98 (0.38)

 19–30

120 (59.4)

76.69

20.57

 > 30

13 (6.4)

72.62

17.99

History of drug use (yr.)

    

 < 5

49 (24.3)

77.78

18.01

 F = 0.01 (0.99)

 5–10

68 (33.7)

77.81

18.62

 > 10

85 (42.0)

77.29

23.72

History of secession (yr.)

    

 < 5

130 (64.4)

77.13

19.94

 F = 0.42 (0.66)

 5–10

53 (26.2)

79.60

19.34

 > 10

19 (9.4)

75.05

28.84

Being an NA member (yr.)

    

 < 5

122 (60.4)

77.25

19.44

 F = 1.07 (0.34)

 5–10

55 (27.2)

80.33

20.88

 > 10

25 (12.4)

73.16

25.76

History of mental disorders

    

 Yes

25 (12.4)

83.32

25.59

t = 1.48 (0.14)

 No

177 (87.6)

76.77

19.86

History of physical disorders

    

 Yes

28 (13.9)

76.11

26.16

Z = -0.08 (0.94)

 No

174 (86.1)

77.82

19.76

History of opium use

    

 Yes

148 (73.30

76.71

19.13

Z = -0.76 (0.45)

 No

54 (26.7)

79.98

24.53

History of Shisheh use

    

 Yes

78 (38.6)

79.64

20.41

t = -1.12 (0.26)

 No

124 (61.4)

76.29

20.85

History of crack use

    

 Yes

20 (9.9)

89.95

17.94

t = -2.86 (0.005)

 No

182 (90.1)

76.22

20.57

History of marijuana use

    

 Yes

33 (16.3)

78.91

18.49

t = -0.40 (0.69)

 No

169 (83.7)

77.32

21.14

History of cocaine use

    

 Yes

11 (5.4)

77.45

22.88

t = 0.02 (0.98)

 No

191 (94.6)

77.59

20.63

History of other drug use

    

 Yes

53 (26.2)

75.57

25.06

Z = -0.04 (0.97)

 No

149 (73.8)

78.30

18.95

History of using different type of substances

    

 One type

105 (52.0)

77.62

20.58

 F = 2.52 (0.06)

 Two types

64 (31.7)

78.30

21.59

 Three types

25 (12.3)

70.64

18.49

 ≥ Four types

8 (4.0)

93.12

13.42

History of family member addiction

    

 Yes

164 (81.2)

78.68

19.33

Z = -1.78 (0.07)

 No

38 (18.8)

72.84

25.54

History of unsuccessful secession

    

 Yes

167 (82.7)

78.38

19.46

t = 1.2 (0.23)

 No

35 (17.3)

73.77

25.80

  1. SD = Standard Deviation, NA = Narcotics Anonymous t = Independent t test, F = Analysis of variance, Z = Mann-Whitney U