The association between probationers’ addiction levels and socioeconomic-psychological characteristics

BMC Psychology

Table 1 Individual and Social Environmental Factors Associated with Addiction Profile and Perceived Social Support

	Distribution of Participants		Addiction Level		p
	n	%	API-C-API Score (Mean)	±SD
Individual Factors
Age
35 and under	172	86	3.85	± 2.83	0.002*
35+	28	14	3.94	± 2.85	0.002*
Marital Status
Married	66	33	4.51	± 3.04	0.001*
Single	134	67	6.11	± 2.81	0.001*
Education Level
Primary School	21	10.5	5.31	± 2.78	< 0.001**
Middle School	52	26	3.58	± 2.44
High School and above	127	63.5	6.44	± 2.82
Working Status at a Job
Yes	179	89.5	5.15	± 2.78	< 0.001**
No	21	10.5	9.23	± 1.94	< 0.001**
Criminal Background
Yes	41	20.5	5.15	± 2.78	0.027*
No	159	79.5	9.23	± 1.94	0.027*
Social Environmental Factors
Father-Education Level
Primary School	34	17	7.40	± 1.10	< 0.001**
Middle School	105	52.5	5.18	± 3.14
High School and Above	61	30.5	5.35	± 3.01
Caregiver for Growing up in Childhood
Mother and Father	179	89.5	5.58	± 3.05	0.001*
Only Mother	7	3.5	8.25	± 0.25
Relatives	7	3.5	5.64	± 0.00
Dormitory/Institution	7	3.5	2.87	± 0.26
API-C Sub-Dimensions
Anger Management Problems
Yes	103	51.5	7.10	± 2.41	< 0.001**
No	97	48.5	3.97	± 2.66	< 0.001**
Anxiety
Yes	63	31.5	6.65	± 3.11	0.001**
No	137	68.5	5.09	± 2.79	0.001**
Lack of Assertiveness
Yes	43	21.5	4.08	± 2.48	< 0.001**
No	157	78.5	5.17	± 2.73	< 0.001**
Depression
Yes	56	28	6.94	± 2.89	< 0.001**
No	144	72	5.05	± 2.85	< 0.001**
Impulsivity
	200	100	0.273***		< 0.001**
Novelty Seeking Behavior
	200	100	0.487***		< 0.001**
Perceived Social Support
Family			-0.10		0.16
Friends	200	100	0.01		0.94
A Special Person			-0.08		0.28
Total Score	200	100	-0.07		0.32

Note: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001, API-C-API: Addiction Profile Index-Clinical Form Addiction Level, SD: Standard Deviation, *** Correlation Coefficient

ISSN: 2050-7283