Table 4 Clustering variable means in exploratory and confirmatory subsets

Danceability

.52

(.17)

.56

(.18)

t(288) = −2.50,

p = .012^†

.53

(.17)

.56

(.16)

t(287) = −1.93,

p = .054^††

Energy

.54

(.26)

.59

(.23)

t(338) = −1.97,

p = .050^††

.53

(.26)

.59

(.25)

t(294) = −2.77,

p = .005^†

Key

5.15

(3.43)

4.98

(3.64)

t(290) = .49,

p = .620

4.66

(3.64)

5.59

(3.46)

t(295) = −2.70,

p = .007^†

Loudness

−8.75

(5.22)

−8.44

(4.63)

t(340) = −.66,

p = .512

−8.96

(5.04)

−8.55

(5.67)

t(255) = −0.76,

p = .451

Mode

1

(−)

0

(−)

χ²(1) = 476.45,

p < .001^†

1

(−)

0

(−)

χ²(1) = 477.31,

p < .001^†

Speechiness

.06

(.05)

.07

(.07)

t(240) = −1.95,

p = .052^††

.06

(.06)

.08

(.08)

t(216) = −2.52,

p = .012^†

Acousticness

.39

(.36)

.35

(.33)

t(325) = 1.19,

p = .235

.41

(.35)

.33

(.33)

t(295) = 2.34,

p = .020^†

Instrumentalness

.12

(.28)

.18

(.33)

t(265) = −1.96,

p = .051^††

.11

(.26)

.16

(.32)

t(241) = −1.58,

p = .115

Liveness

.18

(.14)

.19

(.16)

t(274) = −.74,

p = .461

.18

(.14)

.19

(.15)

t(270) = −.62,

p = .536

Musical valence

.38

(.23)

.43

(.25)

t(286) = −1.93,

p = .054^††

.38

(.23)

.39

(.22)

t(297) = −.48,

p = .634

Tempo

120.61

(31.72)

119.11

(28.56)

t(336) = .52,

p = .603

119.94

(29.35)

117.70

(28.93)

t(285) = .78,

p = .434

Duration*

4.09

(1.14)

4.29

(1.76)

t(219) = −1.33,

p = .183

4.09

(1.46)

4.05

(1.58)

t(263) = .26,

p = .794

Time signature

3.89

(.40)

3.93

(.40)

t(309) = −1.04,

p = .298

3.89

(.37)

3.97

(.27)

t(373) = −2.56,

p = .011^†