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Table 4 Descriptive comparison and χ2 differences of traumatic experiences and protective factors depending on classes of adaptation

From: Resilience in the face of adversity: classes of positive adaptation in trauma-exposed children and adolescents in residential care

 

Classes

Comparison

Classes

Comparison

Classes

Comparison

Resilient M (SD)

Mixed M (SD)

χ2

Mixed M (SD)

High M (SD)

χ2

Resilient M (SD)

High M (SD)

χ2

Trauma

EA

7.58 (0.35)

8.34 (0.81)

0.81

8.34 (0.81)

14.35 (2.19)

5.25*

7.58 (0.35)

14.35 (2.19)

8.91*

PA

6.62 (0.54)

8.69 (2.75)

0.44

8.69 (2.75)

8.86 (1.49)

0.00

6.62 (0.54)

8.86 (1.49)

2.66

SA

5.30 (0.26)

5.49 (0.34)

0.48

5.49 (0.34)

9.28 (1.74)

3.81

5.30 (0.26)

9.28 (1.74)

4.42*

EN

16.68 (0.70)

18.75 (1.57)

1.32

18.75 (1.57)

15.03 (1.11)

3.36

16.68 (0.70)

15.03 (1.11)

1.56

PN

12.14 (0.39)

12.48 (0.69)

0.16

12.48 (0.69)

11.35 (0.71)

1.18

12.14 (0.39)

11.35 (0.71)

0.97

CATS

3.48 (0.38)

3.45 (0.55)

0.00

3.45 (0.55)

2.73 (0.22)

1.22

3.48 (0.38)

2.73 (0.22)

3.05

Cumulative

4.83 (0.36)

6.93 (2.06)

0.81

6.93 (2.06)

7.12 (0.68)

0.01

4.83 (0.36)

7.12 (0.68)

14.54**

Protective

SE

19.37 (2.22)

13.46 (1.05)

4.97*

13.46 (1.05)

17.15 (0.52)

10.42*

19.37 (2.22)

17.15 (0.52)

0.82

SOC

18.60 (1.02)

13.53 (0.76)

15.16**

13.53 (0.76)

18.38 (0.42)

31.21**

18.60 (1.02)

18.38 (0.42)

0.04

Caregiver

23.34 (0.26)

13.69 (1.01)

87.69**

13.69 (1.01)

18.06 (0.53)

13.78**

23.34 (0.26)

18.06 (0.53)

78.28**

Peer

21.61 (1.61)

15.24 (1.10)

9.80*

15.24 (1.10)

19.87 (0.43)

15.65**

21.61 (1.61)

19.87 (0.43)

0.92

Sum

18.91 (0.78)

12.77 (0.99)

25.83**

12.77 (0.99)

17.56 (0.55)

14.49**

18.91 (0.78)

17.56 (0.55)

1.90

  1. M mean, SD standard deviation, mixed mixed symptomatology, high high symptomatology; EA emotional abuse, PA physical abuse, SA sexual abuse, EN emotional neglect, PN physical neglect, SE self-efficacy, SOC sense of coherence, Sum sum of protective factors, CATS cumulative score of potentially traumatic life events according to the CATS, cumulative total cumulative score of CTQ and CATS combined
  2. *Significant values p < .05; **significant values p < .001