Do personal resilience, coping styles, and social support prevent future psychological distress when experiencing workplace bullying? Evidence from a 1-year prospective study

Tsuno, Kanami

doi:10.1186/s40359-022-00991-6

Table 4 Buffering effects of coping styles on the association between workplace bullying and psychological distress: hierarchical multiple regression

From: Do personal resilience, coping styles, and social support prevent future psychological distress when experiencing workplace bullying? Evidence from a 1-year prospective study

	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
	b	SE	β	b	SE	β	b	SE	β
Step 1
Exposure to workplace bullying at T1	0.12	0.02	0.17**	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.02	0.02
Gender (male = 1, female = 0)	− 1.12	0.31	− 0.11**	− 0.74	0.28	− 0.07**	− 0.72	0.28	− 0.07**
Age (years)	− 0.05	0.01	− 0.12**	− 0.04	0.01	− 0.09**	− 0.04	0.01	− 0.09**
College degree (yes = 1, no = 0)	0.08	0.27	0.01	0.02	0.23	0.00	0.03	0.24	0.00
Marital status (married = 1, no = 0)	− 0.38	0.28	− 0.03	− 0.22	0.24	− 0.02	− 0.24	0.24	− 0.02
Having chronic disease (yes = 1, no = 0)	0.42	0.28	0.03	− 0.01	0.25	0.00	0.02	0.25	0.00
Administrator/clerk (yes = 1, no = 0)	0.88	0.78	0.09	0.94	0.69	0.09	0.96	0.69	0.09
Technician (yes = 1, no = 0)	0.57	0.85	0.03	0.66	0.75	0.04	0.66	0.75	0.04
Fieldworker (yes = 1, no = 0)	− 0.21	0.83	− 0.01	0.27	0.73	0.02	0.32	0.74	0.02
Nursery staff (yes = 1, no = 0)	− 0.50	0.82	− 0.03	− 0.20	0.72	− 0.01	− 0.15	0.73	− 0.01
Public health nurse/nutritionist (yes = 1, no = 0)	0.96	0.88	0.05	0.60	0.77	0.03	0.61	0.78	0.03
Medical technician (yes = 1, no = 0)	− 0.12	1.00	0.00	0.18	0.89	0.01	0.21	0.89	0.01
Hospital nurse/midwife (yes = 1, no = 0)	2.14	0.97	0.08*	1.07	0.86	0.04	1.16	0.86	0.04
Fire defense personnel (yes = 1, no = 0)	− 0.01	0.87	0.00	0.56	0.77	0.04	0.57	0.78	0.04
Manager (yes = 1, no = 0)	0.81	0.32	0.08**	0.42	0.28	0.04	0.45	0.28	0.04
Shift work (yes = 1, no = 0)	0.36	0.32	0.03	0.18	0.28	0.02	0.16	0.28	0.02
Life event(s) during follow-up (yes = 1, no = 0)	1.41	0.23	0.14**	0.80	0.20	0.08**	0.78	0.20	0.08**
Active solution at T1	0.09	0.06	0.04	0.07	0.05	0.03	0.08	0.05	0.04
Seeking help at T1	− 0.19	0.06	− 0.09**	− 0.12	0.05	− 0.06*	− 0.13	0.05	− 0.06*
Changing mood at T1	− 0.08	0.05	− 0.04	− 0.04	0.04	− 0.02	− 0.04	0.04	− 0.02
Emotional suppression at T1	0.17	0.08	0.05*	0.08	0.07	0.02	0.08	0.07	0.03
Avoidance suppression at T1	0.48	0.06	0.18**	0.19	0.06	0.07**	0.19	0.06	0.07**
Changing view at T1	− 0.275	0.057	− 0.12**	− 0.10	0.05	− 0.05*	− 0.10	0.05	− 0.05*
Step 2
Psychological distress at T1				0.51	0.02	0.52**	0.51	0.02	0.51**
Step 3
Bullying × active solution							− 0.18	0.13	− 0.03
Bullying × seeking help							0.13	0.12	0.03
Bullying × changing mood							0.24	0.11	0.05*
Bullying × emotional expression							− 0.16	0.11	− 0.03
Bullying × avoidance							− 0.09	0.11	− 0.02
Bullying × changing view							− 0.03	0.11	− 0.01
R²			0.198**			0.377**			0.380**
ΔR²			0.055			0.180			0.003
F change			19.52**			493.31**			1.41

b, Partial regression coefficient; β, Standard partial regression coefficient; R², Coefficient of determination
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01

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