From: Association between sleep habits and behavioral problems in early adolescence: a descriptive study
 | Subjective sleep quality | Sleep latency | Sleep duration | Habitual sleep efficiency | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No-risk group | Risk group | Â | No-risk group | Risk group | Â | No-risk group | Risk group | Â | No-risk group | Risk group | Â | |||||||||
n | % | n | % | p | n | % | n | % | p | n | % | n | % | p | n | % | n | % | p | |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Male | 89 | 30.7 | 201 | 69.3 | 0.913 | 166 | 59.1 | 115 | 40.9 | 0.195 | 269 | 92.8 | 21 | 7.2 | 0.238 | 277 | 97.9 | 6 | 2.1 | 0.708 |
Female | 93 | 31.1 | 206 | 68.9 | Â | 159 | 53.7 | 137 | 46.3 | Â | 271 | 90.0 | 30 | 10.0 | Â | 290 | 98.3 | 5 | 1.7 | Â |
Family composition | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Single-parent household | 7 | 17.9 | 32 | 82.1 | 0.070 | 18 | 42.9 | 24 | 57.1 | 0.068 | 36 | 90.0 | 4 | 10.0 | 0.749 | 35 | 94.6 | 2 | 5.4 | 0.107 |
Two-parent household | 175 | 31.8 | 375 | 68.2 | Â | 307 | 57.4 | 228 | 42.6 | Â | 504 | 91.5 | 47 | 8.5 | Â | 532 | 98.3 | 9 | 1.7 | Â |
Annual household income (Â¥) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 < 3,000,000 | 5 | 11.6 | 38 | 88.4 | 0.029 | 18 | 41.9 | 25 | 58.1 | 0.281 | 40 | 87.0 | 6 | 13.0 | 0.642 | 42 | 97.7 | 1 | 2.3 | 0.150 |
3,000,000–6,000,000 | 81 | 33.8 | 159 | 66.3 |  | 134 | 57.3 | 100 | 42.7 |  | 222 | 92.1 | 19 | 7.9 |  | 229 | 98.3 | 4 | 1.7 |  |
6,000,000–9,000,000 | 50 | 30.3 | 115 | 69.7 |  | 93 | 57.4 | 69 | 42.6 |  | 151 | 92.1 | 13 | 7.9 |  | 156 | 96.3 | 6 | 3.7 |  |
 ≥ 9,000,000 | 45 | 34.4 | 86 | 65.6 |  | 73 | 57.0 | 55 | 43.0 |  | 117 | 90.0 | 13 | 10.0 |  | 130 | 100.0 | 0 | 0.0 |  |
Mother’s educational background |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Middle school or high school | 27 | 25.5 | 79 | 74.5 | 0.331 | 48 | 46.6 | 55 | 53.4 | 0.088 | 98 | 93.3 | 7 | 6.7 | 0.322 | 92 | 94.8 | 5 | 5.2 | 0.039 |
Junior college or vocational school | 73 | 31.3 | 160 | 68.7 | Â | 134 | 59.0 | 93 | 41.0 | Â | 210 | 89.4 | 25 | 10.6 | Â | 228 | 98.7 | 3 | 1.3 | Â |
University or graduate school | 82 | 33.5 | 163 | 66.5 | Â | 140 | 57.9 | 102 | 42.1 | Â | 228 | 92.7 | 18 | 7.3 | Â | 242 | 98.8 | 3 | 1.2 | Â |
Father’s educational background |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Middle school or high school | 43 | 32.1 | 91 | 67.9 | 0.812 | 73 | 57.0 | 55 | 43.0 | 0.970 | 120 | 90.2 | 13 | 9.8 | 0.763 | 123 | 97.6 | 3 | 2.4 | 0.447 |
Junior college or vocational school | 21 | 28.4 | 53 | 71.6 | Â | 42 | 58.3 | 30 | 41.7 | Â | 69 | 92.0 | 6 | 8.0 | Â | 72 | 100.0 | 0 | 0.0 | Â |
University or graduate school | 116 | 32.1 | 245 | 67.9 | Â | 202 | 56.7 | 154 | 43.3 | Â | 334 | 92.3 | 28 | 7.7 | Â | 352 | 98.1 | 7 | 1.9 | Â |