Table 3 Logistic regression estimates for deliberate self-harm among adolescents aged 10–19 years by background characteristics

Age group

 Early adolescents

Ref

Ref

 Late adolescents

1.20 (0.83, 1.75)

0.75 (0.54, 1.03)

Current schooling status

 Never attended

Ref

Ref

 Dropout

1.01 (0.5, 2.03)

1.08 (0.64, 1.83)

 Currently attending

1.01 (0.5, 2.03)

1.03 (0.62, 1.73)

Working status

 Not working

Ref

Ref

 Working

1.12 (0.81, 1.56)

1.0 (0.73, 1.36)

Media Exposure

 No exposure

Ref

Ref

 Rare

0.65 (0.34, 1.25)

1.02 (0.65, 1.6)

 Frequent

0.67 (0.37, 1.23)

0.99 (0.64, 1.52)

Internet access

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

0.98 (0.7, 1.36)

1.50* (1.05, 2.16)

Parental abuse

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.49* (1.11, 2)

1.61* (1.27, 2.04)

 Parent don't co-reside

1.08 (0.52, 2.22)

0.84 (0.4, 1.74)

Involved in fights

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

2.94* (2.24, 3.85)

2.22* (1.71, 2.87)

Substance use

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.26 (0.89, 1.77)

1.55 (0.85, 2.82)

Depressive symptoms

 Minimal/mild

Ref

Ref

 Moderate

2.10* (1.29, 3.4)

2.50* (1.74, 3.59)

 Moderately high/ severe

4.58* (2.88, 7.29)

4.18* (3.1, 5.63)

Caste

 SC/ST

Ref

Ref

 Non-SC/ST

1.35 (0.96, 1.89)

0.87 (0.65, 1.17)

Religion

 Hindu

Ref

Ref

 Non-Hindu

1.17 (0.83, 1.63)

1.15 (0.87, 1.52)

Wealth index

 Poorest

Ref

Ref

 Poorer

0.77 (0.47, 1.27)

1.31 (0.8, 2.15)

 Middle

0.78 (0.48, 1.26)

1.24 (0.76, 2.02)

 Richer

0.76 (0.47, 1.24)

1.34 (0.83, 2.17)

 Richest

0.82 (0.49, 1.37)

1.51 (0.9, 2.51)

Residence

 Urban

Ref

Ref

 Rural

0.97 (0.72, 1.31)

0.78 (0.60, 1.02)

State

 Uttar Pradesh

Ref

Ref

 Bihar

0.80 (0.61, 1.05)

0.70* (0.55, 0.89)