Table 1 Overview of the six evidence-based interventions
Intervention | Short description |
|---|---|
Parenting programs | Designed to help parents and caregivers develop skills, strategies and confidence to parent their children positively. Delivered to parents of children 0–16 years in a variety of group and one on one settings. Positive Parenting Program (Triple P){Sanders, 2014 #466} was provided as an example |
School-based anti-bullying programs | Delivered in schools to teach children self-awareness and relationship skills, how to respond to bullying and make responsible decisions |
Psychological therapy for children exposed to trauma | Individual and group-based talk therapyprovided to parents with a mental illness and their children 0–4 years. Parental mental illness is one of the ACEs with the strongest evidence for negatively impacting child mental health {Sahle, 2021 #447}. Evidence-based therapies included cognitive behavioural therapy and interpersonal therapy |
Community-wide programs | Programs that take a whole-of-system approach to build community connectedness to better support families. They utilise existing community assets and are managed by partnerships between health, education, social services, and voluntary sectors. Elements may include: outreach and home visits; support to families and parents; and support for good-quality play, learning and childcare facilities |
Nurse home visiting programs | Nurses conduct home visits for parents with children aged 0–2 years. Nurse home visiting programs are part of universal services offered to all families across Australian jurisdictions but also include more intensive home visitation programs offered to at-risk families. They aim to support a positive home environment, facilitate positive parent-infant relationships, teach parents coping and problem-solving skills and link families into support services. These interventions are targeted at children in the first few years of the 0–8 years age range of interest for this study |
Economic and social programs | Financial, employment and housing support provided by the government to low-income families |