Assessment of effects of total sleep deprivation and subsequent recovery sleep: a methodological strategy feasible without sleep laboratory

Table 3 Descriptive data of sleep parameters and results of post-hoc comparisons

	Descriptive data		Post-hoc comparisons
	BL	RS	t	p	d
General PSG
Total sleep time^a	6:59:00 (0:52:59)	9:41:21 (1:08:18)	− 13.972	< 0.001	2.657
Sleep efficiency %	94.20 (6.39)	98.18 (2.74)	− 4.840	< 0.001	0.811
Sleep onset latency^a	0:14:08 (0:11:38)	0:03:52 (0:03:45)	4.852	< 0.001	− 1.193
Time awake^a	0:38:52 (0:30:53)	0:13:50 (0:16:36)	6.574	< 0.001	− 1.008
Nb. of awakenings	4.00 (2.18)	2.37 (1.45)	3.797	0.001	− 0.880
Sleep-stage specific PSG (absolute durations)
Duration non-REM 1^a	0:28:15 (0:08:23)	0:29:42 (0:12:22)	− 0.800	0.430	0.137
Duration non-REM 2^a	3:55:42 (0:44:46)	5:17:47 (0:58:57)	− 9.609	< 0.001	1.568
Duration REM^a	1:08:56 (0:21:15)	1:27:16 (0:30:58)	− 4.010	< 0.001	0.689
Duration SWS^a	1:26:07 (0:24:53)	2:26:35 (0:44:00)	− 9.964	< 0.001	1.532
Sleep-stage specific PSG (percentage relative to TST)
Percent non-REM 1^b	6.85 (2.28)	5.15 (2.14)	5.010	< 0.001	− 0.769
Percent non-REM 2^b	56.03 (5.91)	54.72 (7.76)	1.346	0.189	− 0.189
Percent REM^b	16.60 (5.06)	14.92 (4.73)	2.107	0.044	− 0.343
Percent SWS^b	20.53 (5.28)	25.22 (6.99)	− 5.408	< 0.001	0.757
Subjective sleep quality
Mood^c	4.47 (0.97)	4.33 (1.06)	0.660	0.514	− 0.138
Freshness^d	3.53 (1.07)	3.67 (1.32)	− 0.571	0.573	0.117
Tension^e	4.40 (1.04)	4.33 (1.03)	0.284	0.778	− 0.068
Restfulness of sleep^f	3.40 (0.62)	4.00 (0.87)	− 3.525	0.001	0.794

Results are presented as M (SD). df = 29. Bonferroni corrected α’s: General PSG α = 0.01, Sleep-Stage Specific PSG α = 0.0125, Subjective Sleep Quality α = 0.0125. Significant differences are marked in bold
^ahours:minutes:seconds
^bPercental amounts of sleep stages as relative to total sleep time (TST)
^cMood, ranging from “1—depressed” to “6—untroubled”
^dFreshness, ranging from “1—run down” to “6—refreshed”
^eTension, ranging from “1—tense” to “6—relaxed”
^fRestfulness, ranging from “1—not restful at all” to “5—very restful”

ISSN: 2050-7283