Table 1 Mental health items for the Class Analysis (LCA) divided into hedonic and eudemonic dimensions

Hedonic wellbeing:

Self-esteem

I am good enough the way I am

Strongly agree (1)

Agree (2)

Neither agree nor disagree (3)

Disagree (4)

Strongly disagree (5)

High Self-esteem (1–2) vs. Low or moderate self-esteem (3–5)

Life satisfaction

All things considered, how satisfied are you with your life as a whole these days

11-step ladder with ‘worst possible life’ = “0” and ‘best possible life’ = “10”

High life satisfaction (8–10) vs. Low or moderate life satisfaction (0–7)

Feeling low

How often have you experienced the following in the past six months: Feeling low

Almost every day (1)

More than once a week (2)

Almost every week (3)

Almost every month (4)

Rarely or never (5)

Weekly (1–3) vs. Less often than weekly (4–5)

Feeling irritable

How often have you experienced the following in the past six months: Irritable/bad tempered

Almost every day (1)

More than once a week (2)

Almost every week (3)

Almost every month (4)

Rarely or never (5)

Weekly (1–3) vs. Less often than weekly (4–5)

Feeling nervous

How often have you experienced the following in the past six months: Feeling nervous

Almost every day (1)

More than once a week (2)

Almost every week (3)

Almost every month (4)

Rarely or never (5)

Weekly (1–3) vs. Less often than weekly (4–5)

Stress

How often do you feel stressed?

Never/almost never’ (1)

Monthly (2)

Weekly (3)

Daily (4)

Daily (4) vs. Not daily (1–3)

Loneliness

Do you feel lonely?

Yes, very often (1)

Yes, often (2)

Yes, sometimes (3)

No (4)

Often lonely (1–2) vs. Not often lonely (3–4)

Eudemonic wellbeing:

Autonomy

The past two weeks: I’ve been able to make up my own mind about things

None of the time (1)

Rarely (2)

Some of the time (3)

Often (4)

All of the time (5)

High autonomy (4–5) vs. Low or moderate autonomy (1–3)

Self-efficacy

How often can you manage the things you decide to do ?

Very often (1)

Often (2)

Sometimes (3)

Rarely (4)

Never (5)

High self-efficacy (1–2) vs. Low or moderate self-efficacy (3–5)

Social relatedness

How easy is it to talk to the following persons about things that really bother you? (your mother/father/friends)

Very easy (1)

Easy (2)

Difficult (3)

Very difficult (4)

Don’t have/see (5)

Easy (1–2) vs.Difficult/don’t have or see the person (3–5)