Table 4 Demographic characteristics of eligible studies

Brooker et al. 2020 [22]

38–85

Australian country of birth (n = 23)

Other (n = 4)

N/A

Primary (n = 1)

Trade/vocational (n = 7)

Undergraduate tertiary (n = 6)

Postgraduate tertiary (n = 9)

Rodriguez-Romero et al. 2020 [23]

> = 65 years

Hispanic/Spanish

Income

€ < 750/month (n = 1)

€750–1000/month (n = 22)

€1000–1500/month (n = 32)

Primary (n = 48)

Secondary (n = 6)

University (n = 1)

Lee et al. 2019 [24]

57–87 years

East Asian (Korean)

N/A

N/A

Lindsay et al. 2019 [25]

18–70 years

Hispanic or Latino (n = 7)

Not Hispanic or Latino (n = 146)

N/A

GED (n = 3)

High School diploma (n = 20)

Technical training (n = 1)

Some college (n = 41)

Associate degree (n = 10)

Bachelor's degree (n = 48)

Master's degree (n = 26)

MD, PhD, JD, PharmD (n = 4)

Pandya 2019 [26]

62–68

South Asian

Middle class (n = 147)

Upper class (n = 42)

College degree (n = 77)

Higher qualifications (n = 112)

Mascaro et al. 2018 [27]

22–30 years

N/A

N/A

Second year medical school

Kok et al. 2017 [28]

Adults (mean age 41.15)

German—no other information provided

N/A

N/A

Tkatch et al. 2017 [29]

Adults

N/A

N/A

N/A

Dodds et al. 2015 [30]

>  = 18 years

White (n = 11)

Not White (n = 1)

 < $25,000 (n = 0)

$25,000-$49,999 (n = 3)

$50,000-$99,999 (n = 6)

 > $100,000 (n = 3)

High school diploma or less (n = 0)

Any college (n = 6)

Any graduate school (n = 6)

Samhkaniyan et al. 2015 [31]

20–45 years

Iranian (Persian)

N/A

Minimum pre-high school diploma

Black et al. 2014 [32]

67.1 ± 7.2

Caucasian (65%)

Mean 13.8 ± 4.0

Mean 16.9 years of education ± 2.9

Creswell et al. 2012 [9]

55–85

Caucasian (n = 13)

African American (n = 2)

Asian American (n = 2)

Latino(a) (n = 3)

Native American (n = 0)

Other (n = 0)

N/A

High school diploma (n = 0)

Some college (n = 6)

College degree (n = 3)

Graduate work (n = 11)

Jazaieri et al. 2012 [33]

Adults (mean 32.87 ± 8.83)

Caucasian (n = 13)

Asian (n = 14)

Hispanic (n = 3)

Multiracial (n = 1)

N/A

Mean 16.40 ± 2.00 years of education