Skip to main content

Table 2 Results from robust ANOVAs showing the effects of differences between countries (UK and Germany) and time points (before and during the pandemic) on a set of different variables

From: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: a comparison between Germany and the UK

 

Before pandemic

During pandemic

Robust ANOVA/M-estimator

UK

GER

UK

GER

Country

Timepoint

Country x Timepoint

Behaviour

       

Sleep week

2.064

2.057

2.137

2.069

.005**

.005**

.005**

Sleep weekend

2.406

2.363

2.328

2.326

.145

.135

162

Exercise

2.841

2.464

2.974

2.553

.000***

.112

.816

Outside

3.889

3.877

3.568

3.798

.369

.164

.217

Mental well-being

       

Happy/content

3.476

3.482

2.747

2.749

.952

.000***

.910

Concerned

2.225

2.276

2.871

3.101

.020*

.000***

.112

Enjoy activities

3.648

3.862

2.635

3.021

.000***

.000***

.165

Relaxed

2.91

2.434

3.349

2.893

.000***

.000***

.783

Restless

1.953

1.885

2.316

2.200

.117

.000***

.678

Tired

2.573

2.624

2.773

2.782

.399

.003**

.715

Focused

2.433

2.293

3.282

2.718

.000***

.000***

.005**

Irritated

2.021

2.365

2.517

2.715

.000***

.000***

.185

Lonely

1.639

1.725

2.202

2.298

.354

.000***

.356

Negative thoughts

2.650

2.550

2.944

2.939

.296

.000***

.329

Media consumption

       

TV/digital media

2.798

2.813

3.262

3.095

.114

.114

.114

Social media

2.500

2.081

2.81

2.42

.000***

.018*

.705

Video games

1.268

1.199

1.549

1.279

i

i

i

Print media

1.953

2.400

2.128

2.573

.000***

.000***

.276

Substance use

       

Alcohol

4.288

3.941

4.361

4.16

.027*

.467

.750

Tobacco

1.461

1.830

1.391

1.933

i

i

i

Marihuana

1.225

1.153

1.211

1.193

i

i

i

Opiate/Heroin

1.000

1.028

1.009

1.021

i

i

i

  1. *< .05; **< .01; ***< .001, i = could not be calculated due to insufficient dispersion or change
Back to article page

BMC Psychology

ISSN: 2050-7283

Contact us