Correlates of emotional intelligence among Lebanese adults: the role of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, alcohol use disorder, alexithymia and work fatigue

Obeid, Sahar; Haddad, Chadia; Fares, Kassandra; Malaeb, Diana; Sacre, Hala; Akel, Marwan; Salameh, Pascale; Hallit, Souheil

doi:10.1186/s40359-021-00525-6

Table 4 Association between the sociodemographic variables and the psychological scales

From: Correlates of emotional intelligence among Lebanese adults: the role of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, alcohol use disorder, alexithymia and work fatigue

	AUDIT score	TAS-20 score	RSES	HDRS	HAM-A	PSS	LSAS	Emotional work fatigue	Physical work fatigue	Mental work fatigue	Suicidal ideation	EAS	EMS	SEAS	RMS
	M ± SD	M ± SD	M ± SD	M ± SD	M ± SD	M ± SD	M ± SD	M ± SD	M ± SD	M ± SD	M ± SD	M ± SD	M ± SD	M ± SD	M ± SD
Gender
Male	12.13 ± 8.38	52.34 ± 10.84	24.58 ± 3.10	12.84 ± 10.56	14.67 ± 10.17	18.37 ± 5.96	39.74 ± 22.54	18.85 ± 10.94	15.96 ± 6.43	14.96 ± 8.75	0.71 ± 1.39	18.60 ± 7.49	19.27 ± 8.35	20.80 ± 8.54	20.48 ± 8.99
Female	8.19 ± 7.48	52.02 ± 9.89	24.60 ± 2.68	12.36 ± 10.29	13.69 ± 9.96	18.71 ± 5.95	39.69 ± 23.35	16.82 ± 10.47	15.55 ± 6.69	16.97 ± 8.98	0.42 ± 1.02	19.62 ± 7.34	20.76 ± 8.32	23.00 ± 8.29	22.92 ± 8.39
p-value	< 0.001	0.675	0.903	0.536	0.178	0.426	0.974	0.014	0.42	0.003	0.001	0.061	0.015	< 0.001	< 0.001
Education level
Illiterate	15.83 ± 10.57	54.91 ± 12.04	24.50 ± 2.02	17.25 ± 8.10	21.66 ± 9.91	18.58 ± 5.01	46.80 ± 11.64	21.50 ± 15.55	14.46 ± 5.57	12.90 ± 6.04	0.75 ± 1.54	14.33 ± 4.73	14.75 ± 5.95	17.83 ± 6.82	18.08 ± 6.59
Primary	14.48 ± 8.12	54.35 ± 9.34	24.51 ± 2.31	15.13 ± 10.58	15.38 ± 8.59	19.05 ± 6.14	40.69 ± 16.81	17.08 ± 9.10	14.60 ± 6.11	10.31 ± 8.06	0.71 ± 1.27	16.97 ± 9.02	16.71 ± 8.01	17.76 ± 8.59	17.68 ± 8.56
Complementary	13.01 ± 8.00	53.34 ± 10.04	25.09 ± 2.01	14.18 ± 10.66	16.76 ± 10.53	18.76 ± 6.18	44.89 ± 22.35	21.02 ± 11.95	16.19 ± 6.49	14.27 ± 8.76	0.62 ± 1.15	17.72 ± 7.21	17.64 ± 8.86	20.02 ± 9.06	18.56 ± 8.52
Secondary	10.29 ± 8.26	52.14 ± 12.17	24.08 ± 3.67	13.42 ± 9.67	14.41 ± 10.23	18.74 ± 6.03	38.52 ± 22.87	19.17 ± 11.32	16.90 ± 6.69	17.21 ± 8.23	0.58 ± 1.27	19.43 ± 6.59	20.27 ± 8.02	22.01 ± 8.30	22.84 ± 8.41
University	9.16 ± 7.48	51.79 ± 10.19	24.70 ± 2.67	11.41 ± 10.15	13.35 ± 10.09	18.35 ± 6.12	39.00 ± 24.19	17.23 ± 10.93	16.09 ± 6.64	16.15 ± 9.13	0.54 ± 1.26	19.16 ± 7.29	20.54 ± 8.35	22.32 ± 8.46	22.06 ± 8.81
Higher education	10.51 ± 9.85	51.69 ± 10.95	24.32 ± 4.02	11.84 ± 11.30	13.53 ± 10.42	18.48 ± 5.03	39.49 ± 22.23	17.42 ± 7.36	17.91 ± 7.55	17.33 ± 8.87	0.44 ± 0.93	20.22 ± 8.11	19.76 ± 8.69	23.09 ± 8.65	22.22 ± 8.48
p-value	< 0.001	0.575	0.287	0.035	0.019	0.972	0.551	0.139	0.058	0.001	0.898	0.041	0.005	0.006	0.002
Socioeconomic status
< 1000 $	9.60 ± 7.82	53.48 ± 10.30	24.54 ± 2.89	11.58 ± 9.37	13.90 ± 9.99	18.82 ± 5.78	39.62 ± 22.70	17.76 ± 11.43	14.57 ± 6.03	15.60 ± 8.93	0.52 ± 1.20	19.54 ± 7.40	20.30 ± 8.35	22.30 ± 8.42	22.39 ± 8.67
1000–2000 $	11.13 ± 8.45	50.77 ± 10.64	24.67 ± 2.54	13.25 ± 11.08	13.96 ± 10.06	18.02 ± 6.17	41.18 ± 23.42	17.72 ± 10.25	15.79 ± 6.25	15.66 ± 8.95	0.58 ± 1.19	18.62 ± 7.18	19.39 ± 7.97	21.30 ± 8.44	20.64 ± 8.84
> 2000 $	11.83 ± 8.71	51.53 ± 10.65	24.68 ± 3.40	15.76 ± 12.19	15.90 ± 10.66	17.58 ± 5.66	40.30 ± 22.14	19.26 ± 10.44	16.15 ± 6.93	17.49 ± 8.56	0.83 ± 1.53	18.84 ± 8.13	20.57 ± 9.18	21.16 ± 8.32	21.39 ± 9.12
p-value	0.012	0.005	0.812	0.001	0.182	0.085	0.728	0.432	0.108	0.15	0.096	0.29	0.316	0.252	0.051
Marital status
Single	10.41 ± 8.23	52.83 ± 10.46	24.59 ± 2.93	12.51 ± 10.58	14.17 ± 10.13	18.88 ± 5.97	39.91 ± 23.70	17.98 ± 1.11	15.67 ± 6.66	15.55 ± 8.85	0.60 ± 1.26	18.98 ± 7.42	19.90 ± 8.33	21.84 ± 8.32	21.60 ± 8.73
Married	10.27 ± 8.17	50.45 ± 10.19	24.51 ± 2.93	13.05 ± 10.34	14.22 ± 10.05	17.60 ± 5.70	39.24 ± 20.94	17.71 ± 9.87	15.89 ± 6.32	16.29 ± 9.05	0.55 ± 1.21	19.01 ± 7.60	19.82 ± 8.44	21.28 ± 8.97	21.24 ± 9.01
p-value	0.83	0.003	0.725	0.517	0.949	0.006	0.726	0.759	0.689	0.309	0.582	0.951	0.898	0.401	0.609
	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r	r
Age (in years)	0.067	− 0.051	− 0.038	0.113	0.095	− 0.065	0.019	0.011	− 0.003	0.028	0.001	− 0.043	0.007	− 0.022	− 0.021
p-value	0.064	0.161	0.288	0.002	0.008	0.075	0.629	0.772	0.94	0.461	0.97	0.241	0.859	0.545	0.568

AUDIT The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, TAS Toronto Alexithymia Scale, RSES Rosenberg self-esteem scale, HDRS Hamilton depression rating scale, HAM-A Hamilton anxiety scale, PSS Perceived Stress Scale, LSAS Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, EAS emotional awareness scale, EMS emotional management scale, SEAS social emotional awareness scale, RMS relationship management scale, M mean, SD standard deviation; the Student t-test was used to compare the means of two groups (e.g. gender, marital status); the ANOVA test was used to compare the means of three or more groups (e.g. education level and socioeconomic status). r: Pearson correlation coefficient; the Pearson correlation test was used to correlate two continuous variables (e.g. age)
Numbers in bold indicate significant p-values
Post hoc analysis for education level: AUDIT score: university vs primary p = 0.001; university vs complementary p = 0.014
HDRS: no significant associations for education level
HAMA: no significant associations for education level
Burnout depersonalization: secondary vs primary p = 0.001; university vs primary p = 0.003; higher education vs primary p = 0.003
EAS: no significant associations for education level
EMS: no significant associations for education level
SEAS: university vs primary p = 0.023; higher education vs primary p = 0.034
RMS: secondary vs primary p = 0.025; university vs primary p = 0.042
Post hoc analysis for socioeconomic status: AUDIT score: low (< 1000$) vs high (> 2000$) p = 0.042
TAS score: low vs intermediate (1000—2000$) p = 0.004
HDRS: low vs high p = 0.001

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