|
AUDIT score
|
TAS-20 score
|
RSES
|
HDRS
|
HAM-A
|
PSS
|
LSAS
|
Emotional work fatigue
|
Physical work fatigue
|
Mental work fatigue
|
Suicidal ideation
|
EAS
|
EMS
|
SEAS
|
RMS
|
---|
|
M ± SD
|
M ± SD
|
M ± SD
|
M ± SD
|
M ± SD
|
M ± SD
|
M ± SD
|
M ± SD
|
M ± SD
|
M ± SD
|
M ± SD
|
M ± SD
|
M ± SD
|
M ± SD
|
M ± SD
|
---|
Gender
|
Male
|
12.13 ± 8.38
|
52.34 ± 10.84
|
24.58 ± 3.10
|
12.84 ± 10.56
|
14.67 ± 10.17
|
18.37 ± 5.96
|
39.74 ± 22.54
|
18.85 ± 10.94
|
15.96 ± 6.43
|
14.96 ± 8.75
|
0.71 ± 1.39
|
18.60 ± 7.49
|
19.27 ± 8.35
|
20.80 ± 8.54
|
20.48 ± 8.99
|
Female
|
8.19 ± 7.48
|
52.02 ± 9.89
|
24.60 ± 2.68
|
12.36 ± 10.29
|
13.69 ± 9.96
|
18.71 ± 5.95
|
39.69 ± 23.35
|
16.82 ± 10.47
|
15.55 ± 6.69
|
16.97 ± 8.98
|
0.42 ± 1.02
|
19.62 ± 7.34
|
20.76 ± 8.32
|
23.00 ± 8.29
|
22.92 ± 8.39
|
p-value
|
< 0.001
|
0.675
|
0.903
|
0.536
|
0.178
|
0.426
|
0.974
|
0.014
|
0.42
|
0.003
|
0.001
|
0.061
|
0.015
|
< 0.001
|
< 0.001
|
Education level
|
Illiterate
|
15.83 ± 10.57
|
54.91 ± 12.04
|
24.50 ± 2.02
|
17.25 ± 8.10
|
21.66 ± 9.91
|
18.58 ± 5.01
|
46.80 ± 11.64
|
21.50 ± 15.55
|
14.46 ± 5.57
|
12.90 ± 6.04
|
0.75 ± 1.54
|
14.33 ± 4.73
|
14.75 ± 5.95
|
17.83 ± 6.82
|
18.08 ± 6.59
|
Primary
|
14.48 ± 8.12
|
54.35 ± 9.34
|
24.51 ± 2.31
|
15.13 ± 10.58
|
15.38 ± 8.59
|
19.05 ± 6.14
|
40.69 ± 16.81
|
17.08 ± 9.10
|
14.60 ± 6.11
|
10.31 ± 8.06
|
0.71 ± 1.27
|
16.97 ± 9.02
|
16.71 ± 8.01
|
17.76 ± 8.59
|
17.68 ± 8.56
|
Complementary
|
13.01 ± 8.00
|
53.34 ± 10.04
|
25.09 ± 2.01
|
14.18 ± 10.66
|
16.76 ± 10.53
|
18.76 ± 6.18
|
44.89 ± 22.35
|
21.02 ± 11.95
|
16.19 ± 6.49
|
14.27 ± 8.76
|
0.62 ± 1.15
|
17.72 ± 7.21
|
17.64 ± 8.86
|
20.02 ± 9.06
|
18.56 ± 8.52
|
Secondary
|
10.29 ± 8.26
|
52.14 ± 12.17
|
24.08 ± 3.67
|
13.42 ± 9.67
|
14.41 ± 10.23
|
18.74 ± 6.03
|
38.52 ± 22.87
|
19.17 ± 11.32
|
16.90 ± 6.69
|
17.21 ± 8.23
|
0.58 ± 1.27
|
19.43 ± 6.59
|
20.27 ± 8.02
|
22.01 ± 8.30
|
22.84 ± 8.41
|
University
|
9.16 ± 7.48
|
51.79 ± 10.19
|
24.70 ± 2.67
|
11.41 ± 10.15
|
13.35 ± 10.09
|
18.35 ± 6.12
|
39.00 ± 24.19
|
17.23 ± 10.93
|
16.09 ± 6.64
|
16.15 ± 9.13
|
0.54 ± 1.26
|
19.16 ± 7.29
|
20.54 ± 8.35
|
22.32 ± 8.46
|
22.06 ± 8.81
|
Higher education
|
10.51 ± 9.85
|
51.69 ± 10.95
|
24.32 ± 4.02
|
11.84 ± 11.30
|
13.53 ± 10.42
|
18.48 ± 5.03
|
39.49 ± 22.23
|
17.42 ± 7.36
|
17.91 ± 7.55
|
17.33 ± 8.87
|
0.44 ± 0.93
|
20.22 ± 8.11
|
19.76 ± 8.69
|
23.09 ± 8.65
|
22.22 ± 8.48
|
p-value
|
< 0.001
|
0.575
|
0.287
|
0.035
|
0.019
|
0.972
|
0.551
|
0.139
|
0.058
|
0.001
|
0.898
|
0.041
|
0.005
|
0.006
|
0.002
|
Socioeconomic status
|
< 1000 $
|
9.60 ± 7.82
|
53.48 ± 10.30
|
24.54 ± 2.89
|
11.58 ± 9.37
|
13.90 ± 9.99
|
18.82 ± 5.78
|
39.62 ± 22.70
|
17.76 ± 11.43
|
14.57 ± 6.03
|
15.60 ± 8.93
|
0.52 ± 1.20
|
19.54 ± 7.40
|
20.30 ± 8.35
|
22.30 ± 8.42
|
22.39 ± 8.67
|
1000–2000 $
|
11.13 ± 8.45
|
50.77 ± 10.64
|
24.67 ± 2.54
|
13.25 ± 11.08
|
13.96 ± 10.06
|
18.02 ± 6.17
|
41.18 ± 23.42
|
17.72 ± 10.25
|
15.79 ± 6.25
|
15.66 ± 8.95
|
0.58 ± 1.19
|
18.62 ± 7.18
|
19.39 ± 7.97
|
21.30 ± 8.44
|
20.64 ± 8.84
|
> 2000 $
|
11.83 ± 8.71
|
51.53 ± 10.65
|
24.68 ± 3.40
|
15.76 ± 12.19
|
15.90 ± 10.66
|
17.58 ± 5.66
|
40.30 ± 22.14
|
19.26 ± 10.44
|
16.15 ± 6.93
|
17.49 ± 8.56
|
0.83 ± 1.53
|
18.84 ± 8.13
|
20.57 ± 9.18
|
21.16 ± 8.32
|
21.39 ± 9.12
|
p-value
|
0.012
|
0.005
|
0.812
|
0.001
|
0.182
|
0.085
|
0.728
|
0.432
|
0.108
|
0.15
|
0.096
|
0.29
|
0.316
|
0.252
|
0.051
|
Marital status
|
Single
|
10.41 ± 8.23
|
52.83 ± 10.46
|
24.59 ± 2.93
|
12.51 ± 10.58
|
14.17 ± 10.13
|
18.88 ± 5.97
|
39.91 ± 23.70
|
17.98 ± 1.11
|
15.67 ± 6.66
|
15.55 ± 8.85
|
0.60 ± 1.26
|
18.98 ± 7.42
|
19.90 ± 8.33
|
21.84 ± 8.32
|
21.60 ± 8.73
|
Married
|
10.27 ± 8.17
|
50.45 ± 10.19
|
24.51 ± 2.93
|
13.05 ± 10.34
|
14.22 ± 10.05
|
17.60 ± 5.70
|
39.24 ± 20.94
|
17.71 ± 9.87
|
15.89 ± 6.32
|
16.29 ± 9.05
|
0.55 ± 1.21
|
19.01 ± 7.60
|
19.82 ± 8.44
|
21.28 ± 8.97
|
21.24 ± 9.01
|
p-value
|
0.83
|
0.003
|
0.725
|
0.517
|
0.949
|
0.006
|
0.726
|
0.759
|
0.689
|
0.309
|
0.582
|
0.951
|
0.898
|
0.401
|
0.609
|
|
r
|
r
|
r
|
r
|
r
|
r
|
r
|
r
|
r
|
r
|
r
|
r
|
r
|
r
|
r
|
Age (in years)
|
0.067
|
− 0.051
|
− 0.038
|
0.113
|
0.095
|
− 0.065
|
0.019
|
0.011
|
− 0.003
|
0.028
|
0.001
|
− 0.043
|
0.007
|
− 0.022
|
− 0.021
|
p-value
|
0.064
|
0.161
|
0.288
|
0.002
|
0.008
|
0.075
|
0.629
|
0.772
|
0.94
|
0.461
|
0.97
|
0.241
|
0.859
|
0.545
|
0.568
|
- AUDIT The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, TAS Toronto Alexithymia Scale, RSES Rosenberg self-esteem scale, HDRS Hamilton depression rating scale, HAM-A Hamilton anxiety scale, PSS Perceived Stress Scale, LSAS Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, EAS emotional awareness scale, EMS emotional management scale, SEAS social emotional awareness scale, RMS relationship management scale, M mean, SD standard deviation; the Student t-test was used to compare the means of two groups (e.g. gender, marital status); the ANOVA test was used to compare the means of three or more groups (e.g. education level and socioeconomic status). r: Pearson correlation coefficient; the Pearson correlation test was used to correlate two continuous variables (e.g. age)
- Numbers in bold indicate significant p-values
- Post hoc analysis for education level: AUDIT score: university vs primary p = 0.001; university vs complementary p = 0.014
- HDRS: no significant associations for education level
- HAMA: no significant associations for education level
- Burnout depersonalization: secondary vs primary p = 0.001; university vs primary p = 0.003; higher education vs primary p = 0.003
- EAS: no significant associations for education level
- EMS: no significant associations for education level
- SEAS: university vs primary p = 0.023; higher education vs primary p = 0.034
- RMS: secondary vs primary p = 0.025; university vs primary p = 0.042
- Post hoc analysis for socioeconomic status: AUDIT score: low (< 1000$) vs high (> 2000$) p = 0.042
- TAS score: low vs intermediate (1000—2000$) p = 0.004
- HDRS: low vs high p = 0.001