1. Being self-reliance
|
Pre-test
|
8.63
|
69.00
|
8.38
|
67.00
|
0.11
|
Post-test
|
12.50
|
100.00
|
4.50
|
36.00
|
3.38*
|
2. Being actively engaged with society
|
Pre-test
|
8.63
|
69.00
|
8.38
|
67.00
|
0.11
|
Post-test
|
12.06
|
96.50
|
4.94
|
39.50
|
3.01*
|
3. Growing spiritual wisdom
|
Pre-test
|
6.75
|
54.00
|
10.25
|
82.00
|
1.50
|
Post-test
|
11.25
|
90.00
|
5.75
|
46.00
|
2.36*
|
4. Building up financial security
| | | |
Pre-test
|
8.31
|
66.50
|
8.69
|
69.50
|
0.16
|
Post-test
|
10.81
|
86.50
|
6.19
|
49.50
|
2.00*
|
5. Maintaining healthy lifestyle
|
Pre-test
|
8.75
|
70.00
|
8.25
|
66.00
|
0.22
|
Post-test
|
11.88
|
95.00
|
5.13
|
41.00
|
2.93*
|
6. Engaging in active learning
|
Pre-test
|
8.31
|
66.50
|
8.69
|
69.50
|
0.17
|
Post-test
|
10.88
|
87.00
|
6.13
|
49.00
|
2.15*
|
7. Strengthening family ties for being cared for in the late life
|
Pre-test
|
8.00
|
64.00
|
9.00
|
72.00
|
0.49
|
Post-test
|
10.81
|
86.50
|
6.19
|
49.50
|
2.04*
|
Active ageing (overall)
|
Pre-test
|
7.31
|
58.50
|
9.69
|
77.50
|
1.01
|
Post-test
|
12.50
|
100.00
|
4.50
|
36.00
|
3.37*
|