Table 2 Standardized factor loadings of confirmatory factor analysis for six-factor model

Autonomy satisfaction

 I feel a sense of choice and freedom in the things I undertake

 I feel that my decisions reflect what I truly want

 I feel my choices express who I truly am

 I feel I have been doing what truly interests me

Relatedness satisfaction

 I feel that the people I care about also care about me

 I feel connected with people who care for me, and for whom I care

 I feel close and connected with other people who are important to me

 I experience a warm feeling with the people I spend time with

Competence satisfaction

 I feel confident that I can do things well

 I feel capable at what I do

 I feel competent to achieve my goals

 I feel I can successfully complete difficult tasks

Autonomy frustration

 My daily activities feel like a chain of obligations

 I feel pressured to do too many things

 I feel forced to do many things I wouldn’t choose to do

 Most of the things I do feel like “I have to”

Relatedness frustration

 I feel the relationships I have are just superficial

 I have the impression that people I spend time with dislike me

 I feel that people who are important to me are cold and distant towards me

 I feel excluded from the group I want to belong to

Competence frustration

 I feel like a failure because of the mistakes I make

 I feel insecure about my abilities

 I feel disappointed with many of my performance

 I have serious doubts about whether I can do things well