Contextual factors
|
Socio-demographics and context
|
Age (in years)
|
0.85 (0.80; 0.91)
|
0.91 (0.83; 1.00)
|
Gender
|
Male
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Female
|
1.01 (0.75; 1.37)
|
1.09 (0.71; 1.65)
|
Intermediate vocational educationc
|
Level 1–3
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Level 4
|
0.62 (0.47; 0.83)
|
0.72 (0.47; 1.09)
|
Ethnic background
|
Dutch
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Non-Dutch
|
1.28 (0.97; 1.69)
|
0.98 (0.66; 1.45)
|
Living situation
|
With caretaker
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Not with caretaker
|
0.31 (0.20; 0.49)
|
0.65 (0.34; 1.25)
|
Perceived school performance
|
> Average
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
≤ Average
|
0.39 (0.29; 0.52)
|
0.79 (0.54; 1.15)
|
Risk behaviors
|
Current smoking
|
No
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Yes
|
0.60 (0.44; 0.80)
|
0.81 (0.51; 1.27)
|
Binge drinkingd
|
0 times/ 4 weeks
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
≥ 1 time/4 weeks
|
0.76 (0.58; 0.99)
|
0.76 (0.51; 1.13)
|
Cannabis use
|
0 times/4 weeks
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
≥ 1 time/4 weeks
|
0.44 (0.31; 0.64)
|
0.57 (0.33; 0.99)
|
Criminal behavior
|
0 times/year
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
≥ 1 time/year
|
0.81 (0.55; 1.21)
|
1.19 (0.70; 2.02)
|
Truancy
|
0 h
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
1–5 h
|
0.84 (0.62; 1.14)
|
0.95 (0.64; 1.41)
|
≥ 6 h
|
0.37 (0.23; 0.59)
|
0.59 (0.32; 1.11)
|
Indicators of health status
|
Sickness absence (days/8 weeks)
|
0.89 (0.86; 0.91)
|
0.94 (0.91; 0.98)
|
Depressive symptoms (CES-D scale)
|
0.87 (0.85; 0.88)
|
0.87 (0.85; 0.89)
|